Consultation

Citation

1.

This Act may be cited as the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act.

Interpretation

2.(1)

In this Act,

“affidavit” includes statutory declaration and solemn affirmation;

“assignment” means an assignment filed with the Supervisor of Insolvency;

“bank” means every bank to which the Financial Institutions Act, Cap. 342A applies;

“bankrupt” means a person who has made an assignment, or against whom a receiving order has been made under section 4(10);

“books” and “records” include documents as well as data maintained or processed manually, mechanically, photographically or electronically by any information-storage device;

“claim provable in bankruptcy”, “provable claim” or “claim provable” includes any claim or liability provable in proceedings under this Act by a creditor;

“corporation” means any incorporated company, wherever or however incorporated, that is authorized to carry on business in Barbados or that has an office or property in Barbados, but does not include financial institutions to which the Financial Institutions Act, Cap. 324A applies or insurance companies;

“Court”, means the High Court and includes a judge sitting in chambers on matters of bankruptcy;

“credit cards” includes debit cards and charge cards;

“creditor” means a person having a claim, unsecured, preferred by virtue of priority under section 113 or secured, provable as a claim under this Act;

“date of the initial bankruptcy event”, in respect of a person, means the earliest of the date of filing of or making of

(a)

an assignment by or in respect of the person;

(b)

a proposal by or in respect of the person;

(c)

a notice of intention by the person;

(d)

the first petition for a receiving order against the person;

“debtor” includes an insolvent person and any person who, at the time an act of bankruptcy was committed by him, resided or carried on business in Barbados and, where the context requires, includes a bankrupt;

“goods” includes all chattels personal;

“individual” means a natural person;

“insolvent person” means a person who is not bankrupt and who resides, carries on business or has property in Barbados, whose liabilities to creditors provable as claims under this Act amount to not less than $4 000, and

(a)

who is for any reason unable to meet his obligations as they generally become due;

(b)

who has ceased paying his current obligations in the ordinary course of business as they generally become due; or

(c)

the aggregate of whose property is not, at a fair valuation, sufficient, or, if disposed of at a fairly conducted sale under legal process, would not be sufficient to enable payment of all his obligations due and accruing due;

“inspector” means an inspector appointed under section 93;

“Marshal” includes bailiff and any officer charged with the execution of a writ or other process under this Act or any other Act or proceeding with respect to any property of a debtor;

“person” includes a partnership, an unincorporated association, a corporation, a co-operative society or an organisation, the successors of a partnership, association, corporation, society or organisation, and the heirs, executors, liquidators of the succession, administrators or other legal representative of a person;

“property” includes money, goods, things in action, land and every description of property, whether real or personal, legal or equitable, and whether situated in Barbados or elsewhere, and includes obligations, easements and every description of estate, interest and profit, present or future, vested or contingent, in, arising out of or incidental to property;

“proposal” means a proposal for a composition, for an extension of time, or for a scheme or arrangement;

“public utility” includes a person who supplies fuel, water, electricity, telecommunications, or such services as may be prescribed;

“receiver” means a person who has been appointed to take, or has taken, possession or control, pursuant to

(a)

a security agreement; or

(b)

an order of a court made under any law that provides for or authorises the appointment of a receiver or receiver-manager;

of all or substantially all of

(c)

the inventory;

(d)

the accounts receivable; or

(e)

the other property

of a debtor that was acquired for, or is used in relation to, a business carried on by the debtor;

“receiving order” means an order of a court made under any law that provides for or authorises the appointment of a receiver or a receiver-manager;

“Registrar” means Registrar of the Supreme Court;

“resolution” or “ordinary resolution” means a resolution carried by the majority of votes, and for that purpose the votes of a creditor shall be calculated by counting one vote for each dollar of every claim of the creditor that is not disallowed;

“secured creditor” means a person holding a mortgage, pledge, charge or lien on or against the property of the debtor or any part thereof as security for a debt due or accruing due to him from the debtor, or a person whose claim is based on, or secured by, a negotiable instrument held as collateral security and on which the debtor is only indirectly or secondarily liable;

“security agreement” means an agreement under which property becomes subject to a security for the payment of an obligation;

“settlement” includes a contract, covenant, conveyance, transfer, gift and designation of beneficiary in an insurance contract, to the extent that the contract, covenant, conveyance, transfer, gift, or designation is gratuitous or made for merely nominal consideration;

“special resolution” means a resolution decided by a majority in number and two-thirds in value of the creditors with proven claims present, personally or by proxy, at a meeting of creditors and voting on the resolution;

“Supervisor” means the Supervisor of Insolvency appointed under section 161;

“trustee” or “licensed trustee” means a person who is licensed or appointed under this Act.

(2)

For the purposes of this Act

“related group” means a group of persons each member of which is related to every other member of the group;

“unrelated group” means a group of persons that is not a related group.

(3)

For the purposes of this Act, “related persons” are persons who are related to each other if they are:

(a)

individuals connected by blood relationship, marriage or adoption;

(b)

a corporation and

(i)

a person who controls the corporation, if it is controlled by one person;

(ii)

a person who is a member of a related group that controls the corporation; or

(iii)

any person connected in the manner set out in paragraph (a) to a person described in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii); or

(c)

2 corporations

(i)

controlled by the same person or group of persons;

(ii)

each of which is controlled by one person and the person who controls one of the corporations is related to the person who controls the other corporation;

(iii)

one of which is controlled by one person and that person is related to any member of a related group that controls the other corporation;

(iv)

one of which is controlled by one person and that person is related to each member of an unrelated group that controls the other corporation;

(v)

one of which is controlled by a related group a member of which is related to each member of an unrelated group that controls the other corporation; or

(vi)

one of which is controlled by an unrelated group each member of which is related to at least one member of an unrelated group that controls the other corporation.

(4)

For the purposes of this Act,

(a)

where 2 corporations are related to the same corporation within the meaning of subsection (3), they shall be deemed to be related to each other;

(b)

where a related group is in a position to control a corporation, it shall be deemed to be a related group that controls the corporation whether or not it is part of a larger group by whom the corporation is in fact controlled;

(c)

a person who has a right under a contract, in equity or otherwise, either immediately or in the future and either absolutely or contingently, to, or to acquire, shares in a corporation, or to control the voting rights in shares of a corporation, shall, except where the contract provides that the right is not exercisable until the death of an individual designated therein, be deemed to have the same position in relation to the control of the corporation as if he owned the shares;

(d)

where a person owns shares in 2 or more corporations, he shall, as a shareholder of one of the corporations, be deemed to be related to himself as shareholder of each of the other corporations;

(e)

persons are connected by blood relationship if one is the child, mother, father, brother, sister, aunt, uncle or cousin of the other;

(f)

persons are connected by marriage if one is married to the other or to a person who is connected by blood relationship to the other; and

(g)

persons are connected by adoption if one has been adopted, either legally or in fact, as the child of the other or as the child of a person who is connected by blood relationship, otherwise than as a brother or sister, to the other.

(5)

A person who has entered into a transaction with another person otherwise than at arm’s length shall be deemed to have entered into a reviewable transaction.

(6)

It is a question of fact whether persons not related to one another within the meaning of subsection (3) were at a particular time dealing with each other at arm’s length.

(7)

Persons related to each other within the meaning of subsection (3) shall be deemed not to deal with each other at arm’s length while so related.

Acts of bankruptcy

3.(1)

A debtor commits an act of bankruptcy where the debtor

(a)

either in Barbados or elsewhere makes an assignment of his property to a trustee for the benefit of his creditors generally, whether it is an assignment authorised by this Act or not;

(b)

either in Barbados or elsewhere makes a fraudulent conveyance, gift, delivery or transfer of his property or of any part of that property;

(c)

either in Barbados or elsewhere makes any conveyance or transfer of his property or any part of the property, or creates any charge on the property, that would under this Act be void as a fraudulent preference;

(d)

with intent to defeat or delay his creditors, departs out of Barbados, or being out of Barbados remains out of Barbados, or departs from his dwelling-house or otherwise absents himself;

(e)

permits any execution or other process issued against the debtor, under which any of the debtor’s property is seized, levied on or taken in execution, to remain unsatisfied for 21 days, or if any of the debtor’s property has been sold by the Marshal, or if the execution or other process is returned endorsed to the effect that the Marshal can find no property on which to levy or to seize or to take;

(f)

exhibits to any meeting of his creditors any statement of his assets and liabilities that shows he is insolvent, or presents or causes to be presented to that meeting a written admission of his inability to pay his debts;

(g)

assigns, removes, secretes or disposes of or attempts or is about to assign, remove, secrete or dispose of any of his property with intent to defraud, defeat or delay his creditors or any of them;

(h)

gives notice to any of his creditors that he has suspended or is about to suspend payment of his debts;

(i)

defaults in any proposal made under this Act; and

(j)

ceases to meet his liabilities generally as they become due.

(2)

Notwithstanding paragraph (e), where interpleader proceedings have been instituted in respect of the property seized, the time elapsing between the date at which the proceedings were instituted and the date at which the proceedings are finally disposed of, settled or abandoned shall not be taken into account in calculating the period of 21 days.

(3)

Every assignment of his property, other than an assignment pursuant to this Act, made by an insolvent debtor for the general benefit of his creditors is void.

Filing of petition

4.(1)

Subject to this section, one or more creditors may file in Court a petition for a receiving order against a debtor where it is alleged in the petition that

(a)

the debt owing to the petitioning creditor amounts to not less than $4 000; and

(b)

the debtor has committed an act of bankruptcy within 6 months immediately preceding the filing of the petition.

(2)

Where the petitioning creditor referred to in subsection (1) is a secured creditor, the petitioning creditor shall in his petition either state that he is willing to give up his security for the benefit of the creditors in the event of a receiving order being made against the debtor or give an estimate of the value of his security.

(3)

Where the petitioning creditor gives an estimate of the value of his security, he may be admitted as a petitioning creditor to the extent of the balance of the debt due to him after deducting the value so estimated, in the same manner as if he were an unsecured creditor.

(4)

The petition shall be verified by affidavit of the petitioner or by someone duly authorized on his behalf having personal knowledge of the facts alleged in the petition.

(5)

Where the petition is attested

(a)

in Barbados, the witness must be an attorney-at-law or the Registrar;

(b)

out of Barbados, the witness must be a Judge, Magistrate, a Consul or Consular Officer, or a Notary Public.

(6)

When the petitioning creditor cannot himself verify all the statements contained in his petition he shall file in support of the petition the affidavit of some person who can depose to the statements.

(7)

Where a petition is presented against a debtor who resides or carries on business at an address other than the address at which the debtor was residing or carrying on business at the time of contracting the debt or liability in respect of which the petition is presented, the petitioning creditor, in addition to stating in the petition the description of the debtor and of his then present address and description, shall in the petition describe the debtor as lately residing or carrying on business at the address at which he was residing or carrying on business when the debt or liability was incurred.

(8)

A petitioning creditor

(a)

who is resident abroad; or

(b)

whose estate is vested in a trustee or an assignee under any law relating to bankruptcy; or

(c)

against whom a petition is pending under this Act; or

(d)

who has made default in payment of any costs ordered by any court to be paid by him to the debtor,

may be ordered to give security for costs to the debtor.

(9)

Where 2 or more petitions are filed against the same debtor or against joint debtors, the Court may consolidate the proceedings or any of them on such terms as the Court thinks fit.

(10)

At the hearing of the petition, the Court shall require proof of the facts alleged in the petition and of the service of the petition, and, if satisfied with the proof, may make a receiving order.

(11)

Where the Court is not satisfied with the proof of the facts alleged in the petition or of the service of the petition, or is satisfied by the evidence of the debtor that he is able to pay his debts, or that for other sufficient cause no order ought to be made, it shall dismiss the petition.

(12)

Where there are more respondents than one to a petition, the Court may dismiss the petition with respect to one or more of them, without prejudice to the effect of the petition as against the other or others of them.

(13)

On a receiving order being made, the Court shall appoint a licensed trustee of the property of the bankrupt, having regard, as far as the Court deems just, to the wishes of the creditors.

(14)

Where the debtor appears at the hearing of the petition and denies the truth of the facts alleged in the petition, the Court may, instead of dismissing the petition, stay all proceedings on the petition on such terms as it may see fit to impose on the petitioner as to costs, or on the debtor to prevent alienation of his property, and for such time as may be required for trial of the issue relating to the disputed facts.

(15)

The Court may for other sufficient reason make an order staying the proceedings under a petition, either altogether or for a limited time, on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Court may think just.

(16)

A petitioner who is resident out of Barbados may be ordered to give security for costs to the debtor, and proceedings under the petition may be stayed until the security is furnished.

(17)

Where proceedings on a petition have been stayed or have not been prosecuted with due diligence and effect, the Court may,

(a)

if by reason of the delay or for any other cause it is deemed just, substitute or add as petitioner any other creditor to whom the debtor may be indebted in the amount required by this Act;

(b)

make a receiving order on the petition of the other creditor; and

(c)

shall dismiss on such terms as it may deem just the petition in the stayed or non-prosecuted proceedings.

(18)

Where proceedings on a petition have been stayed for trial of the question of the validity of the creditor’s debt and the question has been decided in favour of the validity of the debt, the petitioning creditor may apply to the Registrar to fix a day on which further proceedings on the petition may be had; and the Registrar, on production of the judgment or certified copy of the judgment, shall give notice

(a)

to the petitioner by post or otherwise of the time and place fixed for the hearing of the petition;

(b)

to the debtor at the address given in the notice to dispute; and

(c)

to the attorneys-at-law for the creditor and debtor.

(19)

A petition shall not be withdrawn without the leave of the Court.

(20)

Any creditor whose claim against a partnership is sufficient to entitle him to present a bankruptcy petition may present a petition against any one or more partners of the firm without including the others.

(21)

Where a receiving order has been made against one member of a partnership and any other petition against a member of the same partnership is filed, the Court may give such directions for consolidating the proceedings under the petitions as it thinks just.

(22)

Where a debtor against whom a petition has been filed dies, the proceedings shall, unless the Court otherwise orders, be continued as if he were alive.

Petition against estate of deceased

5.(1)

Subject to section 4, a petition for a receiving order may be filed against the estate of a deceased debtor.

(2)

After service of a petition for a receiving order on the legal representative of a deceased debtor, he shall not make payment of any monies or transfer any property of the deceased debtor, except as required for payment of the proper funeral and testamentary expenses, until the petition is disposed of, otherwise, in addition to any penalties to which he may be subject, he is personally liable.

(3)

Nothing in this section invalidates any payment or transfer of property made or any act or thing done by the legal personal representative in good faith before the service of a petition referred to in subsection (2).

Costs of petitioner

6.(1)

Where a receiving order is made, the costs of the petitioner shall be taxed and be payable out of the estate unless the Court otherwise orders.

(2)

Where the proceeds of the estate are not sufficient for the payment of any costs incurred by the trustee, the Court may order the costs to be paid by the petitioner.

Appointment of interim receiver

7.(1)

The Court may, if it is shown to be necessary for the protection of the estate of a debtor, at any time after the filing of a petition for a receiving order and before a receiving order is made, appoint a licensed trustee as interim receiver of the property of the debtor or any part of that property and direct the licensed trustee to take immediate possession of the property on such undertaking being given by the petitioner as the Court may impose with respect to interference with the debtor’s legal rights and with respect to damages in the event of the petition being dismissed.

(2)

The interim receiver appointed under subsection (1) may, under the direction of the Court, take conservatory measures and summarily dispose of property that is perishable or likely to depreciate rapidly in value and exercise such control over the business of the debtor as the Court deems advisable; but the interim receiver shall not unduly interfere with the debtor in the carrying out of his business except as may be necessary for conservatory purposes or to comply with the order of the Court.

Appointment of interim receiver where section 10B notice pending

8.(1)

Where the Court is satisfied that a notice is about to be sent or has been sent under section 10B, the Court may, subject to subsection (3), appoint a trustee as interim receiver of all or any part of the debtor’s property that is subject to the security to which the notice relates, for such term as the Court may determine.

(2)

The Court may direct an interim receiver appointed under subsection (1) to do any or all of the following:

(a)

take possession of all or part of the debtor’s property mentioned in the appointment;

(b)

exercise such control over that property, and over the debtor’s business, as the Court considers advisable; and

(c)

take such other action as the Court considers advisable.

(3)

An appointment of an interim receiver may be made under subsection (1) only if it is shown to the Court to be necessary for the protection of

(a)

the debtor’s estate; or

(b)

the interests of the creditor who sent the notice under section 10B.

Appointment of interim receiver where notice of intention or proposal filed

9.(1)

Where a notice of intention has been filed under section 16 or a proposal has been filed under section 30(1), the Court may at any time thereafter, subject to subsection (3), appoint as interim receiver of all or part of the debtor’s property, for such term as the Court may determine,

(a)

the trustee under the notice of intention or proposal;

(b)

another trustee; or

(c)

the trustee under the notice of intention or proposal and another trustee jointly.

(2)

The Court may direct an interim receiver appointed under subsection (1) to

(a)

carry out the duties set out in section 12(18), in substitution for the trustee referred to in that subsection or jointly with that trustee;

(b)

take possession of all or part of the debtor’s property mentioned in the order of the Court;

(c)

exercise such control over that property, and over the debtor’s business, as the Court considers advisable; and

(d)

take such other action as the Court considers advisable.

(3)

An appointment of an interim receiver may be made under subsection (1) only if it is shown to the Court to be necessary for the protection of

(a)

the debtor’s estate; or

(b)

the interests of one or more creditors, or of the creditors generally.

Costs of interim receiver

10.(1)

Where an appointment of an interim receiver is made under section 8 or 9, the Court may make such order respecting the payment of fees and disbursements of the interim receiver as it considers proper, including an order giving the interim receiver a charge, ranking ahead of any or all secured creditors, over any or all of the assets of the debtor in respect of his claim for fees or disbursements; but the Court shall not make such an order unless it is satisfied that all secured creditors who would be materially affected by the order were given reasonable advance notification and an opportunity to make representations to the Court.

(2)

With respect to interim receivers appointed under section 7, 8 or 9,

(a)

the form and content of their accounts;

(b)

the procedure for the preparation and taxation of those accounts; and

(c)

the procedure for the discharge of the interim receiver,

shall be as prescribed.

(3)

In subsection (1), “disbursements” does not include payments made in operating a business of the debtor.

Who may be a receiver

10A.

Only a person who is licensed as a trustee under this Act may be appointed a receiver under a security agreement.

Secured party to provide notice

10B.(1)

A secured creditor who intends to enforce a security on all or substantially all of

(a)

the inventory;

(b)

the accounts receivable; or

(c)

the other property,

of a debtor that was acquired for, or is used in relation to, a business carried on by the debtor, shall send to that debtor, in the prescribed form and manner, a notice of that intention.

(2)

Where a notice is required to be sent under subsection (1), the secured creditor shall not enforce the security in respect of which the notice is required until the expiry of 10 days after sending that notice, unless the debtor consents to an earlier enforcement of the security.

(3)

For the purposes of subsection (2), consent to earlier enforcement of a security may not be obtained by a secured creditor prior to the sending of the notice referred to in subsection (1).

(4)

This section does not apply, or ceases to apply,

(a)

in respect of a secured creditor

(i)

whose right to realize or otherwise deal with his security is protected by section 41(3) or (4); or

(ii)

in respect of whom a stay under section 41 has been lifted pursuant to section 43;

(b)

where there is a receiver in respect of the debtor.

Duties of receiver

10C.

A receiver shall

(a)

act honestly and in good faith;

(b)

deal with the property of the debtor in a commercially reasonable manner;

(c)

not later than 10 days after becoming a receiver, send a notice of that fact, in the prescribed form and manner,

(i)

to the Supervisor, accompanied by the prescribed fee;

(ii)

where the debtor is bankrupt, to the trustee; and

(iii)

where the debtor is not bankrupt, to the debtor, and to all creditors of the debtor that the receiver, after making reasonable efforts, has ascertained;

(d)

send notice of his becoming a receiver to any creditor whose name and address he ascertains after sending the notice referred to in sub-paragraph (c)(iii);

(e)

forthwith after taking possession or control, whichever occurs first, of property of a debtor, prepare a statement containing prescribed information relating to the receivership, and shall forthwith provide a copy of the statement to the Supervisor, the debtor, the trustee, in the case of a bankrupt, and to any creditor of the debtor who requests a copy at any time up to 6 months after the end of the receivership;

(f)

in accordance with the Bankruptcy Rules, prepare interim reports relating to the receivership, and shall provide copies of those reports to the Supervisor, the debtor, the trustee, in the case of a bankrupt, and to any creditor of the debtor who requests a copy at any time up to 6 months after the end of the receivership; and

(g)

prepare, forthwith after the completion of his duties as receiver, a final report and a statement of accounts, in the prescribed form and containing the prescribed information relating to the receivership, and forthwith provide a copy of that report and statement of accounts to the Supervisor, the debtor, the trustee, in the case of a bankrupt, and to any creditor of the debtor or the bankrupt who requests a copy at any time up to 6 months after the end of the receivership.

Required action by receiver

10D.

A receiver must

(a)

if appointed by instrument, act in accordance with the instrument and any directions by the Court;

(b)

if appointed by a Court order, act in accordance with the directions of the Court;

(c)

not later than 14 days after being appointed receiver, publish a notice of his appointment in one issue of a local daily newspaper;

(d)

take into his custody or control the collateral in accordance with the security agreement or order providing for his appointment;

(e)

deal with any property of the debtor in his possession or control in a commercially reasonable manner;

(f)

open and maintain a bank account in his name as receiver for the deposit of all monies coming under his control as receiver;

(g)

keep records, in accordance with accepted accounting practices, of all receipts, expenditures and transactions involving collateral or other property of the debtor;

(h)

prepare monthly summaries of accounts of his administration of the collateral and other property of the debtor; and

(i)

indicate on every business letter, invoice, contract, or similar document used or executed in connection with the receivership, that he is acting as a receiver.

Rights of receiver

10E.

A receiver

(a)

may, subject to the rights of secured creditors, receive the income from the property, pay the liability connected with the property, and realize the security interest of those on behalf of whom he is appointed; and

(b)

may not, unless appointed a receiver-manager or unless the Court orders otherwise, carry on the business of the debtor for more than 14 days after his appointment.

Duties of debtor

10F.

A debtor shall, forthwith after being notified that there is a receiver in respect of any of his property, provide the receiver with the names and addresses of all creditors.

Receiver to provide notice of disposition

10G.(1)

A receiver shall, not less than 14 days before the disposition of the collateral in whole or in part, give notice of disposition in the prescribed form

(a)

to the debtor;

(b)

to any person with a charge registered against the collateral;

(c)

to any person who, as a creditor of the debtor, has given notice to the receiver of its interest in the collateral; and

(d)

if the debtor is a corporation, to a director of the debtor.

(2)

The notice under subsection (1) is not required if

(a)

the collateral is money, is perishable or, on reasonable grounds, is expected to decline significantly in value;

(b)

the collateral is to be disposed of by sale on an organized market that handles large volumes of transactions between many different sellers and many different buyers; or

(c)

the cost and care of storing the collateral is disproportionately large to the collateral’s expected value.

Personal liability of receiver

10H.

A receiver

(a)

is personally liable on any contract entered into by him in the performance of his functions, except to the extent that the contract otherwise provides; and

(b)

is entitled in respect of the liability under paragraph (a) to an indemnity out of the assets of which he was appointed to be receiver.

Court order in respect of non-performance of duties

10I.

Where the Court, on the application of the Supervisor, the debtor, the trustee in the case of a bankrupt, a receiver or a creditor, is satisfied that the secured creditor, the receiver or the debtor is failing or has failed to carry out any duty imposed in this Part, the Court may make an order, on such terms as it considers proper,

(a)

directing the secured creditor, receiver or debtor, as the case may be, to carry out that duty; or

(b)

restraining the secured creditor or receiver, as the case may be, from realizing or otherwise dealing with the property of the debtor until that duty has been carried out, or both.

Court may order statement of accounts to be submitted for review

10J.

On the application of the Supervisor, the debtor, the trustee (in the case of a bankrupt) or a creditor, made within 6 months after the statement of accounts was provided to the Supervisor pursuant to section 10C(g), the Court may order the receiver to submit the statement of accounts to the Court for review, and the Court may adjust, in such manner and to such extent as it considers proper, the fees and charges of the receiver as set out in the statement of accounts.

Receiver may apply to Court for directions

10K.

A receiver may apply to the Court for directions in relation to any provision of this Part, and the Court shall give, in writing, such directions, if any, as it considers proper in the circumstances including

(a)

an order appointing, replacing or discharging a receiver or receiver-manager and approving his accounts;

(b)

an order determining the notice to be given to any person, or dispensing with notice to any person;

(c)

an order declaring the rights of persons before the court or otherwise, or directing any person to do, or abstain from doing, anything;

(d)

an order fixing the remuneration of the receiver or receiver-manager;

(e)

an order requiring the receiver or receiver-manager, or a person by or on behalf of whom he is appointed,

(i)

to make good any default in connection with the receiver’s or receiver-manager’s custody or management of the property and business of the company;

(ii)

to relieve any such person from any default on such terms as the court thinks fit; and

(iii)

to confirm any act of the receiver or receiver-manager; and

(f)

an order giving directions on any matter relating to the duties of the receiver or receiver-manager.

Certain provisions of Companies Act to apply where debtor is a company

10L.

Where the debtor is a corporation,

(a)

the provisions of sections 275 to 287 of the Companies Act, Cap. 308 shall apply in the absence of provisions relating thereto in this Act; and

(b)

where the provisions of this Act are inconsistent with the provisions of sections 275 to 287 of the Companies Act, this Act shall prevail.

Priorities of distribution in a receivership

10M.

Except where the debtor is bankrupt or the Court has ratified a proposal made to creditors under this Act, the priorities, in receivership, of distribution of the property of a debtor shall be as established by Division C of Part II of the Companies Act, Cap. 308.

Who may make an assignment

11.(1)

An insolvent person or, if deceased, the insolvent’s legal personal representative, may with the leave of the Court make an assignment of all his property for the general benefit of his creditors.

(2)

An assignment made under subsection (1) shall be accompanied by a sworn statement in the prescribed form showing

(a)

the property of the debtor divisible among his creditors;

(b)

the names and addresses of all his creditors;

(c)

the amounts of their respective claims; and

(d)

the nature of each claim, whether secured, preferred or unsecured.

(3)

The assignment made under subsection (1) shall be offered to the Supervisor, and it is inoperative until filed with the Supervisor, who shall refuse to file the assignment unless it is in the prescribed form and accompanied by the sworn statement required by subsection (2).

(4)

Where the Supervisor files the assignment made under subsection (1), the Supervisor shall appoint as trustee a licensed trustee whom he shall, as far as possible, select by reference to the wishes of the most interested creditors if ascertainable at the time; and the Supervisor shall complete the assignment by inserting therein as grantee the name of the trustee.

(5)

Where the Supervisor is unable to find a licensed trustee who is willing to act, the Supervisor shall, after giving the bankrupt 5 days notice, cancel the assignment.

(6)

Where the bankrupt is not a corporation and in the opinion of the Supervisor the realisable assets of the bankrupt, after the claims of secured creditors are deducted, will not exceed $10 000 or such other amount as is prescribed, the provisions of this Act relating to the summary administration of estates shall apply.

(7)

In the determination of the realisable assets of a bankrupt for the purposes of subsection (6), no regard shall be had to any property that may be acquired by the bankrupt or devolve on the bankrupt before the bankrupt’s discharge.

(8)

The Supervisor may direct that subsection (6) shall cease to apply in respect of the bankrupt where the Supervisor determines that

(a)

the realisable assets of the bankrupt, after the claims of secured creditors are deducted, exceed $10 000 or the amount prescribed, as the case may be; or

(b)

the costs of realisation of the assets of the bankrupt are a significant proportion of the realisable value of the assets,

and the Supervisor considers that such a direction is appropriate.

Who may make a proposal

12.(1)

A proposal may be made by

(a)

an insolvent person;

(b)

a receiver, but only in relation to an insolvent person;

(c)

a liquidator of an insolvent person’s property;

(d)

a bankrupt; and

(e)

a trustee of the estate of a bankrupt.

(2)

Subject to subsection (3), a proposal must be made to the creditors generally, either as a group or separated into classes as provided in the proposal, and may also be made to secured creditors in respect of any class of secured claim.

(3)

Where a proposal is made to one or more secured creditors in respect of secured claims of a particular class, the proposal must be made to all secured creditors in respect of the secured claims of that class.

(4)

Secured claims may be included in the same class where the interests of the creditors holding those claims are sufficiently similar to give them a commonality of interest, taking into account

(a)

the nature of the debts giving rise to the claims;

(b)

the nature and priority of the security in respect of the claims;

(c)

the remedies available to the creditors in the absence of the proposal, and the extent to which the creditors would recover their claims by exercising those remedies;

(d)

the treatment of the claims under the proposal, and the extent to which the claims would be paid under the proposal; and

(e)

such further criteria, consistent with those set out in paragraphs (a) to (d), as may be prescribed.

(5)

The Court may, on application made at any time after a notice of intention or a proposal is filed, determine in accordance with subsection (4) the classes of secured claims appropriate to a proposal, and the class into which any particular secured claim falls.

(6)

Subject to section 13 as regards included secured creditors, any creditor may respond to the proposal as made to the creditors generally by filing with the trustee a proof of claim in the manner provided for in

(a)

sections 101 to 103, in the case of unsecured creditors; or

(b)

sections 101 to 111, in the case of secured creditors.

(7)

In the following sections in this Part, a reference to an unsecured creditor shall be deemed to include a secured creditor who has filed a proof of claim under subsection (6), and a reference to an unsecured claim shall be deemed to include that secured creditor’s claim.

(8)

All questions relating to a proposal, except the question of accepting or refusing the proposal, shall be decided by ordinary resolution of the creditors to whom the proposal was made.

(9)

Proceedings for a proposal shall be commenced in the case of an insolvent person by lodging with a licensed trustee, and in the case of a bankrupt by lodging with the trustee of the estate, a copy of the proposal in writing setting out the terms of the proposal and the particulars of any securities or sureties proposed, signed by the person making the proposal and the proposed sureties, if any, and,

(a)

if the person in respect of whom the proposal is made is bankrupt, the statement of affairs referred to in section 135; or

(b)

if the person in respect of whom the proposal is made is not bankrupt, a statement showing the financial position of the person at the date of the proposal, verified by affidavit as being correct to the belief and knowledge of the person making the proposal.

(10)

A proposal made in respect of a bankrupt shall be approved by the inspectors before any further action is taken on the proposal.

(11)

No proposal or any security or guarantee tendered with the proposal may be withdrawn pending the decision of the creditors and the Court.

(12)

Subsection (11) shall not be construed as preventing an insolvent person in respect of whom a proposal has been made from subsequently making an assignment.

(13)

The trustee shall make or cause to be made such an appraisal and investigation of the affairs and property of the debtor as to enable the trustee to estimate with reasonable accuracy the financial situation of the debtor and the cause of the debtor’s financial difficulties or insolvency, and shall report the result of the appraisal and investigation to the meeting of the creditors.

(14)

The trustee shall, when filing a proposal under section 30(1), file with the proposal

(a)

a statement indicating the projected cash-flow of the insolvent person for the expected duration of the proposal, in this section referred to as the “cash-flow statement”, prepared by the person making the proposal, reviewed for its reasonableness by the trustee and signed by the trustee and the person making the proposal;

(b)

a report on the reasonableness of the cash-flow statement, in the prescribed form, prepared and signed by the trustee; and

(c)

a report containing prescribed representations by the person making the proposal regarding the preparation of the cash-flow statement, in the prescribed form, prepared and signed by the person making the proposal.

(15)

Subject to subsection (16), any creditor may obtain a copy of the cash-flow statement on request made to the trustee.

(16)

The Court may order that a cash-flow statement or any part of that statement shall not be released to some or all of the creditors pursuant to subsection (15) where it is satisfied that

(a)

such release would unduly prejudice the insolvent person; and

(b)

non-release would not unduly prejudice the creditor or creditors in question.

(17)

If the trustee acts in good faith and takes reasonable care in reviewing the cash-flow statement, the trustee is not liable for loss or damage to any person resulting from that person’s reliance on the cash-flow statement.

(18)

Subject to any direction of the Court under section 13(2)(a), the trustee under a proposal in respect of an insolvent person shall, for the purpose of monitoring the business and financial affairs, have access to and examine the property of the insolvent person, including the premises, books, records and other financial documents, to the extent necessary to adequately assess the business and financial affairs of the insolvent person, from the filing of the proposal until the proposal is approved by the Court or the insolvent person becomes bankrupt, and shall

(a)

file a report on the state of the business and financial affairs of the insolvent person containing any prescribed information

(i)

with the Supervisor forthwith after ascertaining any material adverse change in the insolvent person’s projected cash-flow or financial circumstances of the insolvent person; and

(ii)

with the Court at such other times as the Court may order; and

(b)

send a report on the state of the business and financial affairs of the insolvent person, containing any prescribed information, to the creditors and the Supervisor, in the prescribed manner, at least 10 days before the meeting of creditors referred to in section 15(1).

(19)

An interim receiver who has been directed under section 9(2) to carry out the duties set out in subsection (18) in substitution for the trustee shall deliver a report on the state of business and financial affairs of the insolvent person, containing any prescribed information, to the trustee at least 3 days before the meeting of creditors referred to in section 18(1).

(20)

The Court may, on application by the trustee, the interim receiver, if any, appointed under section 9 or a creditor, at any time before the meeting of creditors, declare that the proposal is deemed to have been refused by the creditors if the Court is satisfied that

(a)

the debtor has not acted, or is not acting, in good faith and with due diligence;

(b)

the proposal will not likely be accepted by the creditors; or

(c)

the creditors as a whole would be materially prejudiced if the application under this subsection is rejected.

Filing of proof of secured claim

13.(1)

Subject to subsections (2) to (4), a secured creditor to whom a proposal has been made in respect of a particular secured claim may respond to the proposal by filing with the trustee a proof of secured claim in the prescribed form, and may vote on all questions relating to the proposal, in respect of that entire claim, and sections 101 to 103 apply, in so far as they are applicable, with such modifications as the circumstances require, to proofs of secured claim.

(2)

Where a proposal made to a secured creditor in respect of a secured claim includes a proposed assessed value of the security in respect of the claim, the secured creditor may file with the trustee a proof of secured claim in the prescribed form, and may vote as a secured creditor on all questions relating to the proposal in respect of an amount equal to the lesser of

(a)

the amount of the claim; and

(b)

the proposed assessed value of the security.

(3)

Where the proposed assessed value is less than the amount of the claim of the secured creditor, the secured creditor may file with the trustee a proof of claim in the prescribed form, and may vote as an unsecured creditor on all questions relating to the proposal in respect of an amount equal to the difference between the amount of the claim and the proposed assessed value.

(4)

Where a secured creditor is dissatisfied with the proposed assessed value of his security, the secured creditor may apply to the Court within 15 days after the proposal is sent to the creditors, to have the proposed assessed value revised; and the Court may revise the proposed assessed value, in which case the revised value applies for the purposes of this Part.

(5)

Where no secured creditor having a secured claim of a particular class files a proof of secured claim at or before the meeting of creditors, the secured creditors having claims of that class shall be deemed to have voted for the refusal of the proposal.

Where secured creditors may not vote

14.

A secured creditor to whom a proposal has not been made in respect of a particular secured claim may not file a proof of secured claim in respect of that claim.

Secured claims upon bankruptcy

15.

On the bankruptcy of an insolvent person who made a proposal to one or more secured creditors in respect of secured claims, any proof of secured claim filed pursuant to section 13 ceases to be valid or effective, and sections 89 and 104 to 111 apply in respect of a proof of claim filed by any secured creditor in the bankruptcy.

Notice of intention

16.(1)

Before lodging a copy of a proposal with a licensed trustee, an insolvent person may file a notice of intention, in the prescribed form, with the Supervisor stating

(a)

the insolvent person’s intention to make a proposal;

(b)

the name and address of the licensed trustee who has consented, in writing, to act as the trustee under the proposal; and

(c)

the names of the creditors with claims amounting to $250 or more and the amounts of their claims as known or shown by the debtor’s books,

and attaching to the proposal a copy of the consent referred to in paragraph (b).

(2)

Within 10 days after filing a notice of intention under subsection (1) the insolvent person shall file with the Supervisor

(a)

a statement indicating the projected cash-flow of the insolvent person (in this section referred to as the “cash-flow statement”), prepared by the insolvent person, reviewed for its reasonableness by the trustee under the notice of intention, and signed by the trustee and the insolvent person;

(b)

a report on the reasonableness of the cash-flow statement, in the prescribed form, prepared and signed by the trustee; and

(c)

a report containing prescribed representations by the insolvent person regarding the preparation of the cash-flow statement, in the prescribed form, prepared and signed by the insolvent person.

(3)

Subject to subsection (4), any creditor may obtain a copy of the cash-flow statement on request made to the trustee.

(4)

The Court may order that a cash-flow statement or any part thereof shall not be released to some or all of the creditors pursuant to subsection (3) where it is satisfied that

(a)

such release would unduly prejudice the insolvent person; and

(b)

non-release would not unduly prejudice the creditor or creditors in question.

(5)

If the trustee acts in good faith and takes reasonable care in reviewing the cash-flow statement, the trustee is not liable for loss or damage to any person resulting from that person’s reliance on the cash-flow statement.

(6)

Within 5 days after the filing of a notice of intention under subsection (1), the trustee named in the notice shall send to every known creditor, in the prescribed manner, a copy of the notice.

(7)

Subject to any direction of the Court under section 9(2)(a), the trustee under a notice of intention in respect of an insolvent person

(a)

shall, for the purpose of monitoring the insolvent person’s business and financial affairs, have access to and examine the insolvent person’s property, including his premises, books, records and other financial documents, to the extent necessary to adequately assess the insolvent person’s business and financial affairs, from the filing of the notice of intention until a proposal is filed or the insolvent person becomes bankrupt; and

(b)

shall file a report on the state of the insolvent person’s business and financial affairs, containing any prescribed information,

(i)

with the Supervisor forthwith after ascertaining any material adverse change in the insolvent person’s projected cash-flow or financial circumstances; and

(ii)

with the Court at or before the hearing by the Court of any application under subsection (9) and at such other times as the Court may order.

(8)

Where an insolvent person fails to comply with subsection (2), or where the trustee fails to file a proposal with the Supervisor under section 30(1) within a period of 30 days after the day the notice of intention was filed under subsection (1), or within any extension of that period granted under subsection (9),

(a)

the insolvent person is, on the expiration of that period or that extension, as the case may be, deemed to have made an assignment;

(b)

the trustee shall forthwith file a report thereof in the prescribed form with the Official Receiver, who shall issue a certificate of assignment in the prescribed form, which has the same effect for the purposes of this Act as an assignment filed pursuant to section 11; and

(c)

the trustee shall, within 5 days after the day the certificate mentioned in paragraph (b) is issued, send notice of the meeting of creditors under section 79, at which meeting the creditors may by ordinary resolution, notwithstanding section 172, affirm the appointment of the trustee or appoint another licensed trustee in lieu of that trustee.

(9)

The insolvent person may, before the expiration of the 30-day period mentioned in subsection (8) or any extension thereof granted under this subsection, apply to the Court for an extension, or further extension, as the case may be, of that period, and the Court may grant such extensions, not exceeding 45 days for any individual extension and not exceeding in the aggregate 5 months after the expiration of the 30-day period mentioned in subsection (8), if satisfied on each application that

(a)

the insolvent person has acted, and is acting, in good faith and with due diligence;

(b)

the insolvent person would likely be able to make a viable proposal if the extension being applied for were granted; and

(c)

no creditor would be materially prejudiced if the extension being applied for were granted.

(10)

The Court may, on application by the trustee, the interim receiver, if any, appointed under section 9(1), or a creditor, declare terminated, before its actual expiration, the 30-day period mentioned in subsection (8) or any extension thereof granted under subsection (9) if the Court is satisfied that

(a)

the insolvent person has not acted, or is not acting, in good faith and with due diligence;

(b)

the insolvent person will not likely be able to make a viable proposal before the expiration of the period in question;

(c)

the insolvent person will not likely be able to make a proposal, before the expiration of the period in question, that will be accepted by the creditors, or rejected;

and where the Court declares the period in question terminated, paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (8) thereupon apply as if that period had expired.

Trustee to assist in preparation of proposal

17.

The trustee under a notice of intention shall, between the filing of the notice of intention and the filing of a proposal, advise on and participate in the preparation of the proposal, including negotiations thereon.

Meeting of creditors

18.(1)

The trustee shall call a meeting of creditors, to be held within 21 days after the filing of the proposal with the Supervisor under section 30(1), by sending in the prescribed manner to every known creditor and to the Supervisor, at least 10 days before the meeting,

(a)

a notice of the date, time and place of the meeting;

(b)

a condensed statement of the assets and liabilities;

(c)

a list of the creditors with claims amounting to $250 or more and the amounts of their claims as known or shown by the books of the debtor;

(d)

a copy of the proposal;

(e)

the prescribed forms, in blank, of

(i)

proof of claim;

(ii)

in the case of a secured creditor to whom the proposal was made, proof of secured claim; and

(iii)

proxy,

if not already sent; and

(f)

a voting letter as prescribed.

(2)

The Supervisor or his nominee shall be the chairman of the meeting referred to in subsection (1) and shall decide any questions or disputes arising at the meeting, and any creditor may appeal any decision of the meeting to the Court.

Adjournment of meeting

19.

Where the creditors by ordinary resolution at the meeting at which a proposal is being considered so require, the meeting shall be adjourned to such time and place as may be fixed by the chairman.

Proven creditors may vote prior to meeting

20.

Any creditor who has proved a claim, whether secured or unsecured, may indicate assent to or dissent from the proposal by mail, personal delivery, or printed electronic transmission delivered to the trustee prior to the meeting; and any assent or dissent, if received by the trustee at or prior to the meeting, has effect as if the creditor had been present and had voted at the meeting.

Creditors may accept or refuse proposal

21.(1)

The creditors may, in accordance with this section, resolve to accept or may refuse the proposal as made or as altered at the meeting or any adjournment of the meeting.

(2)

For the purposes of subsection (1),

(a)

the following creditors with proven claims are entitled to vote:

(i)

all unsecured creditors; and

(ii)

those secured creditors in respect of whose secured claims the proposal was made;

(b)

the creditors shall vote by class, according to the class of their respective claims, and for that purpose

(i)

all unsecured claims constitute one class, unless the proposal provides for more than one class of unsecured claims; and

(ii)

the classes of secured claims shall be determined as provided by section 12(4);

(c)

the votes of the secured creditors do not count for the purpose of this section, but are relevant only for the purpose of section 30(4); and

(d)

the proposal shall be deemed to be accepted by the creditors if, and only if, all classes of unsecured creditors vote for the acceptance of the proposal by a majority in number and two thirds in value of the unsecured creditors of each class present, personally or by proxy, at the meeting and voting on the resolution.

(3)

Where there is no quorum of secured creditors in respect of a particular class of secured claims, the secured creditors having claims of that class shall be deemed to have voted for the refusal of the proposal.

(4)

A creditor who is related to the debtor may vote against but not for the acceptance of the proposal.

(5)

The trustee, as a creditor, may not vote on the proposal.

Proposal may include terms of supervision

22.

At a meeting to consider a proposal, the creditors, with the consent of the debtor, may include such provisions or terms in the proposal with respect to the supervision of the affairs of the debtor as they may deem advisable.

Creditors may appoint inspectors

23.

The creditors may appoint one or more, but not exceeding 5, inspectors of the estate of the debtor, who shall have the powers of an inspector under this Act, subject to any extension or restriction of those powers by the terms of the proposal.

Effect of refusal of proposal by creditors

24.

Where the creditors refuse a proposal in respect of an insolvent person,

(a)

the insolvent person is deemed to have made an assignment at the time of the refusal;

(b)

the trustee shall forthwith file a report in respect of the refusal of the proposal in the prescribed form with the Supervisor, who shall thereupon issue a certificate of assignment in the prescribed form, which has the same effect for the purposes of this Act as an assignment filed pursuant to section 11; and

(c)

the trustee shall either

(i)

forthwith call a meeting of creditors present at that time, which meeting shall be deemed to be a meeting called under section 79; or

(ii)

if no quorum exists for the purpose of sub-paragraph (i), send notice, within 5 days after the day the certificate mentioned in paragraph (b) is issued, of the meeting of creditors under section 79,

and at either meeting the creditors may by ordinary resolution, notwithstanding section 172, affirm the appointment of the trustee or appoint another licensed trustee in lieu of that trustee.

Substitution of trustee by Court order

25.

Where a declaration has been made under section 12(20) or 16(10), the Court may, if it is satisfied that it would be in the best interests of the creditors to do so, appoint a trustee in lieu of the trustee appointed under the notice of intention or proposal that was filed.

Trustee to apply to Court for approval of proposal

26.

On acceptance of a proposal by the creditors, the trustee shall

(a)

within 5 days after the acceptance, apply to the Court for an appointment for a hearing of the application for the approval by the Court of the proposal;

(b)

send a notice of the hearing of the application, in the prescribed manner and at least 15 days before the date of the hearing, to the debtor, to every creditor who has proved a claim, whether secured or unsecured, to the person making the proposal and to the Supervisor;

(c)

forward a copy of the report referred to in paragraph (d) to the Supervisor at least 10 days before the date of the hearing; and

(d)

at least 2 days before the date of the hearing, file with the Court, in the prescribed form, a report on the proposal.

Trustee to prepare report to Court

27.(1)

The Court shall, before approving the proposal, hear a report of the trustee in the prescribed form respecting the terms of the proposal and the conduct of the debtor, and, in addition, shall hear the trustee, the debtor, the person making the proposal, any opposing, objecting or dissenting creditor and such further evidence as the Court may require.

(2)

Where the Court is of the opinion that the terms of the proposal are not reasonable or are not calculated to benefit the general body of creditors, the Court shall refuse to approve the proposal.

(3)

Where any of the facts mentioned in section 151 or 155 are proved against the debtor, the Court shall refuse to approve the proposal unless it provides reasonable security for the payment of not less than 25 cents on the dollar on all the unsecured claims provable against the estate of the debtor or such percentage thereof as the Court may direct.

Payment of preferred claims and trustee’s costs

28.(1)

No proposal shall be approved by the Court that does not provide for the payment in priority to other claims of all claims directed to be so paid in the distribution of the property of a debtor and for the payment of all proper fees and expenses of the trustee on and incidental to the proceedings arising out of the proposal or in the bankruptcy.

(2)

No proposal in respect of an employer shall be approved by the Court unless

(a)

it provides for payment to the employees and former employees, immediately after Court approval of the proposal, of amounts equal to the amounts that they would be qualified to receive under section 113(1)(c) if the employer became bankrupt on the date of the filing of the notice of intention, or proposal if no notice of intention was filed, as well as wages, salaries, commissions or compensation for services rendered after that date and before the Court approval of the proposal, together with, in the case of travelling salesmen, disbursements properly incurred by those salesmen in and about the bankrupt’s business during the same period; and

(b)

the Court is satisfied that the employer can and will make the payments as required under paragraph (a).

(3)

For the purpose of voting on any question relating to a proposal in respect of an employer, no person has a claim for an amount referred to in subsection (2)(a).

(4)

All monies payable under the proposal shall be paid to the trustee and, after payment of all proper fees and expenses mentioned in subsection (1), shall be distributed by him to the creditors.

(5)

Where the proposal provides for the distribution of property in the nature of promissory notes or other evidence of obligations by or on behalf of the debtor or, when the debtor is a corporation, shares in the capital stock of the corporation, the property shall be dealt with in the manner set out in subsection (4).

(6)

Section 123 applies to all distributions made to the creditors by the trustee pursuant to subsection (4) or (5).

(7)

Subject to subsections (1) to (3), the Court may either approve or refuse to approve the proposal.

Where proposal approved by Court made by bankrupt

29.(1)

The approval by the Court of a proposal made after bankruptcy operates to annul the bankruptcy and to revest in the debtor, or in such other person as the Court may approve, all the right, title and interest of the trustee in the property of the debtor, unless the terms of the proposal otherwise provide.

(2)

Where the Court refuses to approve a proposal in respect of an insolvent person a copy of which has been filed under section 30,

(a)

the insolvent person is deemed to have made an assignment at the time of the refusal;

(b)

the trustee shall forthwith file a report in respect of the refusal of the proposal in the prescribed form with the Supervisor, who shall then issue a certificate of assignment in the prescribed form, which has the same effect for the purposes of this Act as an assignment filed pursuant to section 11; and

(c)

the trustee shall, within 5 days after the day the certificate mentioned in paragraph (b) is issued, send notice of the meeting of creditors under section 79, at which meeting the creditors may by ordinary resolution, notwithstanding section 172, affirm the appointment of the trustee or appoint another licensed trustee in lieu of that trustee.

(3)

No costs incurred by a debtor on or incidental to an application to approve a proposal, other than the costs incurred by the trustee, shall be allowed out of the estate of the debtor if the Court refuses to approve the proposal.

Trustee to file proposal with Supervisor

30.(1)

Where a proposal is made in respect of an insolvent person, the trustee shall file a copy of the proposal with the Supervisor.

(2)

Except in respect of claims referred to in section 178(11), where a proposal is made in respect of an insolvent person, the time with respect to which the claims of creditors shall be determined is the time of the filing of

(a)

the notice of intention; or

(b)

the proposal, if no notice of intention was filed.

(3)

Except in respect of claims referred to in section 178(11), where a proposal is made in respect of a bankrupt, the time with respect to which the claims of creditors shall be determined is the date on which the bankrupt became bankrupt.

(4)

A proposal accepted by the creditors and approved by the Court is binding on the creditors in respect of

(a)

all unsecured claims; and

(b)

the secured claims in respect of which the proposal was made and that were in classes in which the secured creditors voted for the acceptance of the proposal by a majority in number and two thirds in value of the secured creditors present, personally or by proxy, at the meeting and voting on the resolution to accept the proposal, but does not release the insolvent person from the debts and liabilities referred to in section 156, unless the creditor assents to so releasing the insolvent person.

(5)

The acceptance of a proposal by a creditor does not release any person who would not be released under this Act by the discharge of the debtor.

Default in performance of proposal

31.

Where

(a)

default is made in the performance of any provision in a proposal;

(b)

the default is not waived

(i)

by the inspectors; or

(ii)

if there are no inspectors, by the creditors; and

(c)

the default is not remedied by the insolvent person within the prescribed time,

the trustee shall, within such time and in such form and manner as are prescribed, so inform all the creditors and the Supervisor.

Court may annul the proposal

32.(1)

Where default is made in the performance of any provision in a proposal, or where it appears to the Court that the proposal cannot continue without injustice or undue delay or that the approval of the Court was obtained by fraud, the Court may, on application with such notice as the Court may direct to the debtor, and if applicable to the trustee and to the creditors, annul the proposal.

(2)

An order made under subsection (1) shall be made without prejudice to the validity of any sale, disposition of property or payment duly made, or anything done under or in pursuance of the proposal, and notwithstanding the annulment of the proposal, a guarantee given pursuant to the proposal remains in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.

(3)

A proposal, although accepted or approved, may be annulled by order of the Court at the request of the trustee or of any creditor whenever the debtor is afterwards convicted of any offence under this Act.

(4)

On the annulment of a proposal, the debtor shall be deemed to have made an assignment and the order annulling the proposal shall so state.

(5)

Where an order annulling a proposal has been made, the trustee shall, within 5 days after the order is made, send notice of the meeting of creditors under section 79, at which meeting the creditors may by ordinary resolution, notwithstanding section 172, affirm the appointment of the trustee or appoint another licensed trustee in lieu of that trustee.

(6)

Where an order annulling the proposal described in subsection (5) has been made, the trustee shall file a report thereof in the prescribed form with the Supervisor, who shall then issue a certificate of assignment in the prescribed form, which has the same effect for the purposes of this Act as an assignment filed pursuant to section 11.

Date of assignment where Court approval not obtained

33.

For greater certainty, where an insolvent person in respect of whom a proposal has been filed under section 30 makes an assignment at any time before the Court has approved the proposal, the date of the bankruptcy is the date of the filing of the assignment.

Court to value claims where creditor participation required

34.

A proposal made conditional on the purchase of shares or securities or on any other payment or contribution by the creditors shall provide that the claim of any creditor who elects not to participate in the proposal shall be valued by the Court and shall be paid in cash on approval of the proposal.

Agreements not to be terminated or altered

35.(1)

Where a notice of intention or a proposal has been filed in respect of an insolvent person, no person may terminate or amend any agreement with the insolvent person, or claim an accelerated payment under any agreement with the insolvent person by reason only that

(a)

the insolvent person is insolvent; or

(b)

a notice of intention or a proposal has been filed in respect of the insolvent person.

(2)

Where the agreement referred to in subsection (1) is a lease or a licensing agreement, subsection (1) shall be read as including the following paragraph:

“(c)

the insolvent person has not paid rent or royalties, as the case may be, or other payments of a similar nature, in respect of a period preceding the filing of

(i)

the notice of intention, if one was filed; or

(ii)

the proposal, if no notice of intention was filed.

(3)

Where a notice of intention or a proposal has been filed in respect of an insolvent person, no public utility may discontinue service to that insolvent person by reason only that

(a)

the insolvent person is insolvent;

(b)

a notice of intention or a proposal has been filed in respect of the insolvent person; or

(c)

the insolvent person has not paid for services rendered, or material provided, before the filing of the proposal.

(4)

Nothing in subsections (1) to (3) shall be construed

(a)

as prohibiting a person from requiring immediate payment for goods, services, use of leased or licensed property or other valuable consideration provided after

(i)

the notice of intention, if one was filed; or

(ii)

the proposal, if no notice of intention was filed; or

(b)

as requiring the further advance of money or credit.

(5)

Any provision in an agreement that has the effect of providing for or permitting anything that in substance, is contrary to subsections (1) to (3) is of no force or effect.

(6)

The Court may, on application by a party to an agreement or by a public utility, declare that subsections (1) to (3) do not apply or apply only to the extent declared by the Court, where the applicant satisfies the Court that the operation of those subsections would likely cause it significant financial hardship.

(7)

Subsection (1) does not apply

(a)

in respect of an eligible financial contract; or

(b)

to prevent a Barbados clearing agent or group clearer from ceasing to act as such for an insolvent person.

(8)

In subsections (7) and (9), “eligible financial contract” means

(a)

a currency or interest rate swap agreement;

(b)

a basis swap agreement;

(c)

a spot, future, forward, or other foreign exchange agreement;

(d)

a cap, collar or floor transaction;

(e)

a commodity swap;

(f)

a forward rate agreement;

(g)

a repurchase or reverse repurchase agreement;

(h)

a spot, futures, forward or other commodity contract;

(i)

an agreement to buy, sell, borrow or lend securities, to clear or settle securities transactions or to act as a depository for securities;

(j)

any derivative, combination or option in respect of, or agreement similar to, an agreement or contract referred to in paragraphs (a) to (i);

(k)

any master agreement in respect of any agreement or contract referred to in paragraphs (a) to (j);

(l)

any master agreement in respect of a master agreement referred to in paragraph (k);

(m)

a guarantee of the liabilities under an agreement or contract referred to in paragraphs (a) to (l); or

(n)

any agreement of a kind prescribed.

(9)

For greater certainty, where an eligible financial contract entered into before the filing in respect of an insolvent person of

(a)

a notice of intention; or

(b)

a proposal, where no notice of intention was filed,

is terminated on or after that filing, the setting off of the obligations between the insolvent person and the other parties to the eligible financial contract, in accordance with its provisions, shall be permitted; and if net termination values determined in accordance with the eligible financial contract are owed by the insolvent person to another party to the eligible financial contract, that other party shall be deemed, for the purposes of section 41, to be a creditor of the insolvent person with a claim provable in bankruptcy in respect of those net termination values.

(10)

In this section

“basis swap agreement” means an interest rate swap in which contracting parties exchange obligations to make interest rate payments;

“cap transaction” means an agreement providing the right to benefit from changes in interest or currency rate involving the setting of a maximum or upper limit;

“collar transaction” means an agreement providing the right to benefit from changes in interest or currency rate involving the setting of both a minimum or lower limit and a maximum or upper limit;

“commodity swap” means a lending arrangement in which repayment is in a commodity or is based on a commodity price;

“currency swap agreement” means a transaction in which two counterparties exchange specific amounts of 2 different currencies at the outset and repay over time in accordance with a predetermined rule that reflects interest payments and possible amortization of principal;

“floor transaction” means an agreement providing the right to benefit from changes in interest or currency rate involving the setting of a maximum or upper limit;

“forward agreement” means a cash contract in which 2 parties agree to the exchange of an asset to be delivered by the seller to the buyer at a specified future date;

“futures contract” means a contract under which one party agrees to deliver to the other party on a specified future date, a specified asset at a price agreed at the time of the contract and payable on the future date;

“interest rate swap agreement” means an agreement between 2 parties to exchange series payments based on an agreed principal amount;

“master agreement” means a standard agreement that covers all transactions between the parties;

“net termination value” means the net amount obtained after setting off the mutual obligations between the parties to an eligible financial contract in accordance with its provisions;

“repurchase agreement” means a financial agreement in which a dealer or other holder of government securities sells the securities to a lender and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed future date at an agreed price;

“reverse purchase agreement” means an overnight or similar term cash equivalent investment that is collaterized by transfer of ownership in a security;

“spot agreement” means an arrangement for expected annual immediate delivery of a currency or commodity at a stated rate of exchange or price.

Certificate of performance

36.

Where a proposal is fully performed, the trustee shall give a certificate to that effect, in the prescribed form, to the debtor and to the Supervisor.

Mutatis mutandis provision

37.

All the provisions of this Act, in so far as they are applicable, apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, to proposals made under this Part.

Property of a bankrupt

38.

The property of a bankrupt divisible among his creditors shall not comprise

(a)

property held by the bankrupt in trust for any other person; or

(b)

property that as against the bankrupt is prescribed to be exempt from execution or seizure;

but it shall comprise

(c)

all property wherever situated of the bankrupt at the date of the bankruptcy or that may be acquired by or devolve on the bankrupt before the discharge of the bankrupt; and

(d)

such powers in or over or in respect of the property as might have been exercised by the bankrupt for the benefit of the bankrupt.

Excess income of individual bankrupts to be as prescribed

39.(1)

Standards for determining the portion of the total income of an individual bankrupt that exceed that which is necessary to enable the bankrupt to maintain a reasonable standard of living shall be as prescribed.

(2)

The trustee shall

(a)

having regard to the Bankruptcy Rules (S.I. 2001 No. ) and to the personal and family situation of the bankrupt, fix the amount that the bankrupt is required to pay to the estate of the bankrupt;

(b)

inform the Supervisor in writing of the amount fixed under paragraph (a); and

(c)

take reasonable measures to ensure that the bankrupt complies with the requirement to pay.

(3)

The trustee may, at any time, amend an amount fixed under subsection (2) to take into account

(a)

material changes that have occurred in the personal or family situation of the bankrupt; or

(b)

a recommendation made by the Supervisor under subsection (4).

(4)

Where the Supervisor determines that the amount required to be paid by the bankrupt under subsection (2) or (3) is substantially not in accordance with the applicable standards established under subsection (1), the Supervisor shall recommend to the trustee and to the bankrupt an amount required to be paid that the Supervisor determines is in accordance with the applicable standards.

(5)

Where the trustee and the bankrupt are not in agreement with the amount that the bankrupt is required to pay under subsection (2) or (3), the trustee shall, forthwith, in the prescribed form, send to the Supervisor a request that the matter be determined by mediation and send a copy of the request to the bankrupt.

(6)

On the request in writing of a creditor made within 30 days after the date of bankruptcy or an amendment referred to in subsection (3), the trustee shall, within the 5 days following the 30-day period, send to the Supervisor a request in the prescribed form that the matter of the amount the bankrupt is required to pay under subsection (2) or (3) be determined by mediation and send a copy of the request to the bankrupt and the creditor.

(7)

A mediation shall be in accordance with prescribed procedures.

(8)

Documents contained in a file on the mediation of a matter under this section form part of the records referred to in section 164(2).

(9)

Where

(a)

the trustee has not implemented a recommendation made by the Supervisor under subsection (4);

(b)

the issue submitted to mediation requested under subsection (5) or (6) is not resolved; or

(c)

the bankrupt fails to comply with the requirement to pay as determined under this section,

the trustee may, or, on the request of the inspectors, any of the creditors or the Supervisor shall, apply to the Court for the hearing of the matter, and the Court may, on the hearing, in accordance with the standards established under subsection (1) and having regard to the personal and family situation of the bankrupt, by order, fix the amount that the bankrupt is required to pay to the estate of the bankrupt.

(10)

The Court may fix an amount that is fair and reasonable

(a)

as salary, wages or other remuneration for the services being performed by a bankrupt for a person employing the bankrupt; or

(b)

as payment for or commission in respect of any services being performed by a bankrupt for a person,

where the person is related to the bankrupt; and the Court may, by order, determine the part of the salary, wages or other remuneration, or the part of the payment or commission, that shall be paid to the trustee on the basis of the amount so fixed by the Court, unless it appears to the Court that the services have been performed for the benefit of the bankrupt and are not of any substantial benefit to the person for whom they were performed.

(11)

On the application of any interested person, the Court may, at any time, amend an order made under this section to take into account material changes that have occurred in the personal or family situation of the bankrupt.

(12)

An order of the Court made under this section may be served on a person from whom the bankrupt is entitled to receive money, and in such case,

(a)

the order binds the person to pay to the estate of the bankrupt the amount fixed by the order; and

(b)

if the person fails to comply with the terms of the order, the Court may, on the application of the trustee, order the person to pay the trustee the amount of money that the estate of the bankrupt would have received had the person complied with the terms of the order.

(13)

For the purposes of section 207, an application referred to in subsection (9) is deemed to be a proceeding for the benefit of the estate.

(14)

For the purposes of this section,

(a)

“total income” referred to in subsection (1) includes, notwithstanding section 38(b), all revenues of a bankrupt of whatever nature or source; and

(b)

a requirement that a bankrupt pay an amount to the estate of the bankrupt is enforceable against all property of the bankrupt, other than property referred to in section 38(b).

Where assignment of certain payments ineffectual

40.(1)

An assignment of existing or future wages made by a debtor before the debtor became bankrupt is of no effect in respect of wages earned after the bankruptcy.

(2)

An assignment made by a debtor of existing or future amounts receivable as payment for or commission or professional fees in respect of services rendered by a debtor who is a natural person before the debtor became bankrupt is of no effect in respect of such amounts earned or generated after the bankruptcy.

Stay of proceedings upon filing of notice of intention or proposal

41.(1)

Subject to subsections (2) to (4) and section 43, on the filing of a notice of intention under section 16(1) in respect of an insolvent person,

(a)

no creditor has any remedy against the insolvent person or the insolvent person’s property, or shall commence or continue any action, execution or other proceedings, for the recovery of a claim provable in bankruptcy, until the trustee has been discharged or the insolvent person becomes bankrupt; and

(b)

no provision of a security agreement between the insolvent person and a secured creditor that provides, in substance, that on

(i)

the insolvent person’s insolvency;

(ii)

the default by the insolvent person of an obligation under the security agreement; or

(iii)

the filing by the insolvent person of a notice of intention under section 16(1) in respect of the insolvent person,

the insolvent person ceases to have such rights to use or deal with assets secured under the agreement as the insolvent person would otherwise have, has any force or effect until the trustee has been discharged or the insolvent person becomes bankrupt.

(2)

The stays provided by subsection (1) do not apply

(a)

to prevent a secured creditor who took possession of secured assets of the insolvent person for the purpose of realisation before the notice of intention under section 16 was filed from dealing with those assets;

(b)

unless the secured creditor otherwise agrees, to prevent a secured creditor who gave notice of intention under section 10B(1) to enforce that creditor’s security against the insolvent person more than 10 days before

(i)

a notice of intention was filed in respect of the insolvent person under section 16; or

(ii)

the proposal was filed, if no notice of intention under section 16 was filed

from enforcing that security; or

(c)

to prevent a secured creditor who gave notice of intention under section 10B(1) to enforce that creditor’s security from enforcing the security if the insolvent person has, under section 10B(2), consented to the enforcement action.

(3)

Subject to sections 10I, 55 and 104 to 111, the filing of a proposal under section 30(1) does not prevent a secured creditor to whom the proposal has not been made in respect of a particular security from realising or otherwise dealing with that security in the same manner as he would have been entitled to realize or deal with it if this section had not been passed.

(4)

Subject to sections 10I, 55 and 104 to 111, where secured creditors holding a particular class of secured claim vote for the refusal of a proposal, a secured creditor holding a secured claim of that class may henceforth realize or otherwise deal with his security in the same manner as he would have been entitled to realize or deal with it if this section had not been passed.

Stay of proceedings upon bankruptcy

42.(1)

Subject to subsection (2) and section 43, on the bankruptcy of any debtor, no creditor has any remedy against the debtor or the debtor’s property, or shall commence or continue any action, execution or other proceedings, for the recovery of a claim provable in bankruptcy, until the trustee has been discharged.

(2)

Subject to sections 10I, 55 and 104 to 111, the bankruptcy of a debtor does not prevent a secured creditor from realising or otherwise dealing with his security in the same manner as he would have been entitled to realize or deal with it if this section had not been passed, unless the Court otherwise orders, but in so ordering the Court shall not postpone the right of the secured creditor to realize or otherwise deal with his security, except as follows:

(a)

in the case of a security for a debt that is due at the date the bankrupt became bankrupt or that becomes due not later than 6 months thereafter, that right shall not be postponed for more than 6 months from that date; and

(b)

in the case of a security for a debt that does not become due until more than 6 months after the date the bankrupt became bankrupt, that right shall not be postponed for more than 6 months from that date, unless all instalments of interest that are more than 6 months in arrears are paid and all other defaults of more than 6 months standing are cured, and then only so long as no instalment of interest remains in arrears or defaults remain uncured for more than 6 months, but, in any event, not beyond the date at which the debt secured by the security becomes payable under the instrument or law creating the security.

Aggrieved creditor may apply to Court for removal of stay

43.

A creditor who is affected by the operation of section 41 or 42 may apply to the Court for a declaration that those sections no longer operate in respect of that creditor, and the Court may make such a declaration, subject to any qualifications that the Court considers proper, if it is satisfied

(a)

that the creditor or person is likely to be materially prejudiced by the continued operation of those sections; or

(b)

that it is equitable on other grounds to make such a declaration.

Stay ineffectual against certain parties and claims

44.(1)

Sections 41 and 42 do not apply in respect of a claim referred to in section 98(4).

(2)

Notwithstanding subsection (1), no creditor with a claim referred to in section 98(4) has any remedy, or shall commence or continue any action, execution or other proceeding, against

(a)

property of a bankrupt that has vested in the trustee; or

(b)

amounts that are payable to the estate of the bankrupt under section 39.

Precedence of bankruptcy over certain creditors unless process completed

45.(1)

Every receiving order and every assignment made in pursuance of this Act takes precedence over all judicial and other attachments, garnishments, certificates of judgment, judgments operating as executions or other process against the property of a bankrupt, except those that have been completely executed by payment to the creditor or his agent, and except the rights of a secured creditor.

(2)

An execution levied by seizure and sale of the property of a bankrupt is not invalid by reason only of its being an act of bankruptcy, and a person who purchases the property in good faith under a sale by the Marshal acquires a good title against the trustee.

Property of bankrupt to vest in trustee

46.(1)

On a receiving order being made or an assignment being filed with the Supervisor, a bankrupt ceases to have any capacity to dispose or otherwise deal with his property, which shall, subject to this Act and to the rights of secured creditors, pass to and vest in the trustee named in the receiving order or assignment; and in any case of change of trustee the property shall pass from trustee to trustee without any conveyance, assignment or transfer.

(2)

Subject to section 199(1), the trustee may exercise the right to transfer the property of the bankrupt to the same extent as the bankrupt might have exercised that right if he had not become bankrupt.

Trustee to avail himself of other rights

47.

The provisions of this Act shall not be deemed to abrogate or supersede the substantive provisions of any other law or statute that are not in conflict with this Act, and the trustee is entitled to avail himself of all rights and remedies provided by that law or statute as supplementary to and in addition to the rights and remedies provided by this Act.

Delivery of seized property to trustee

48.(1)

Where an assignment or a receiving order has been made, the Marshal or other officer of any Court or other person having seized property of the bankrupt under execution or attachment or any other process shall, on receiving a copy of the assignment or the receiving order certified by the trustee as a true copy, forthwith deliver to the trustee all that property.

(2)

Where the Marshal has sold the property of a bankrupt or any part of that property, he shall deliver to the trustee the money so realised.

(3)

Any property of a bankrupt under seizure for rent or taxes shall on production of a copy of the receiving order or the assignment certified by the trustee as a true copy be delivered forthwith to the trustee, but the costs of distress are a first charge on the property, and, if the property or any part thereof has been sold, the money realised from the sale less the costs of distress and sale shall be paid to the trustee.

Trustee may surrender lease or deal with leasehold interests

49.(1)

Where the bankrupt is a lessee of premises, the trustee, notwithstanding a condition, covenant or agreement in the lease, has the right to hold and retain the leased premises until the expiration of the tenancy on the same terms and conditions as the lessee might have held the premises had no bankruptcy occurred.

(2)

The tenancy of the leased premises shall terminate upon the trustee disclaiming the lease, but nothing shall prevent the trustee from transferring or disposing of a lease, leasehold property, or any interest of the lessee for the unexpired term to as full an extent as could have been done by the lessee had the bankruptcy not occurred.

(3)

If the lease contains a covenant, condition or agreement that the lessee may not assign or sublet the premises without the leave or consent of the landlord or other person, the covenant, condition or agreement shall be of no effect in case of such a transfer or disposition of the lease or leasehold property if the Court, on the application of the trustee and after notice of the application to the landlord, approves the transfer or disposition proposed to be made of the lease or leasehold property.

(4)

The entry of the trustee into possession of the leased premises and the occupation of the premises by the trustee, while required for the purposes of the administration by the trustee, shall not be evidence of an intention on the part of the trustee to elect to retain the premises, nor affect the trustee’s right to disclaim the lease.

(5)

If the trustee elects to retain the benefits of the lease and after assigns the lease to a person approved by the Court, the liability of the trustee and of the estate of the debtor is, subject to the provisions of subsection (6), limited to the payment of rent for the period of time during which the trustee remains in possession of the leased premises.

(6)

The landlord has a preferred claim for any costs of distress and arrears of rent not exceeding 3 months’ rent accrued and due prior to the date of bankruptcy and not exceeding the realization by the trustee from the property on the premises under lease.

(7)

The landlord may prove as a general creditor for all rent accrued and due at the date of bankruptcy plus any accelerated rent, not exceeding 3 months’, that may be claimed under the lease, less the amount in subsection (6).

(8)

Except as referred to in subsection (7), the landlord is not entitled to prove as a creditor for rent for any portion of the unexpired term of the lease, but the trustee shall pay to the landlord for the period during which the trustee actually occupies and uses the premises from and after the date of bankruptcy a rental calculated on the basis of the lease and payable in accordance with its terms, but any payment already made to the landlord as rent in advance in respect of that period, and any payment to be made to the landlord in respect of accelerated rent, shall be credited against the amount payable by the trustee for that period.

(9)

Nothing in this section shall render the trustee personally liable beyond the assets of the debtor in possession of the trustee.

Receiving order and assignment may be registered

50.(1)

Every true copy of a receiving order certified by the Registrar or other officer of the Court that made it, and every true copy of an assignment certified by the Supervisor, may be registered by or on behalf of the trustee in respect of the whole or any part of real property that the bankrupt owns or in which he has any interest or estate in the appropriate registry in accordance with laws regarding same.

(2)

Where the bankrupt is the registered owner of any land or charge, the trustee, on registration of the documents referred to in subsection (1), is entitled to be registered as owner of the land or charge free of all encumbrances or charges mentioned in section 45(1).

(3)

Where a bankrupt owns any land or charge registered under any Act, or has or is believed to have any interest or estate in that land or charge, and for any reason a copy of the receiving order or assignment has not been registered under subsection (1), a caveat or caution may be lodged with the official in charge of the appropriate registry by the trustee, and any registration thereafter made in respect of the land or charge is subject to the caveat or caution unless it has been removed or cancelled under the provisions of the relevant statute.

(4)

The person to whom a trustee tenders or causes to be tendered for registration any receiving order, assignment or other document shall register it according to the ordinary procedure for registering documents relating to real property.

(5)

In the conveyance of real estate purchased from the trustee it shall not be necessary to join as parties with the trustee persons in whom the legal estate in any mortgage in fee or the legal interest in any mortgage term of years or any other legal or equitable lien or security is vested, but such conveyance when executed by the trustee shall be effectual to vest in the purchaser the real estate purported to be conveyed as if the person having any lien or security, whether the same come within the purchase money or not, had been made parties to and had executed the said conveyance and had thereby granted, transferred, surrendered or released the same.

(6)

Every deed, conveyance, assignment, surrender or other assurance relating solely to freehold or leasehold property or to any mortgage, charge, or other encumbrance on, or any estate, right, or interest in, any real or personal property which is part of the estate of the bankrupt and which after the execution of the deed, conveyance, assignment, surrender or other assurance, either at law or in equity, is or remains the estate of the bankrupt or the trustee, and every power of attorney, proxy paper, writ, order, certificate, affidavit, bond or other instrument or writing relating solely to the property of the bankrupt or to any proceeding under the bankruptcy shall be exempt from stamp duty and property transfer tax.

Effect of bankruptcy on property in certain cases

51.(1)

Where any interest of the bankrupt in any property at the date of bankruptcy was held in joint tenancy, the bankruptcy shall operate as a severance of the joint tenancy and a reversion to tenancy in common.

(2)

Where a debtor who is married is, at the date of bankruptcy, the sole registered owner of the matrimonial home and any immediately related real property not exceeding one acre, the spouse of the debtor shall be entitled, within 10 days following the bankruptcy, to claim in the prescribed form a one-half interest in any net proceeds from a sale or disposition by the trustee of the property after satisfaction of any valid and enforceable charges registered in the appropriate registry.

Transactions valid unless prior registration

52.

Notwithstanding anything in this Act, a deed, conveyance, transfer, agreement for sale, mortgage, or charge made to or in favour of a bona fide purchaser or mortgagee for adequate valuable consideration and covering any real property affected by a receiving order or an assignment under this Act is valid and effectual according to the tenor thereof as fully and effectually and to all intents and purposes as if no receiving order or assignment had been made under this Act, unless the receiving order or assignment, or notice, or caution, has been registered against the property in the appropriate registry prior to the registration of the deed, conveyance, transfer, agreement for sale, mortgage, or charge in accordance with the laws pertaining.

Where contributory indebted to bankrupt

53.(1)

Every shareholder or member of a bankrupt corporation is liable to contribute the amount unpaid on his shares of the capital or on his liability to the corporation, its members or creditors, as the case may be, under the Act, charter, or instrument of incorporation of the company or otherwise.

(2)

The amount that the contributory is liable to contribute under subsection (1) shall be deemed an asset of the corporation and a debt payable to the trustee forthwith on the bankruptcy of the corporation.

Banker to advise trustee of existence of account

54.(1)

Where a banker has ascertained that a person having an account with the banker is an undischarged bankrupt, it is his duty to inform the trustee of the existence of the account, and the banker shall not make any payments out of the account, except under an order of the Court or in accordance with instructions from the trustee, unless on the expiration of one month from the date of giving the information no instructions have been received from the trustee.

(2)

Notwithstanding anything contained in any other Act, a deposit-taking institution shall on application of the trustee disclose what deposits of money, if any, of the bankrupt are remaining to the bankrupt’s credit, and the deposit-taking institution shall, upon request of the trustee, pay the same to the trustee.

Trustee may inspect property

55.

Where property of a bankrupt is held as a pledge, pawn or other security, the trustee may give notice in writing of the trustee’s intention of the trustee to inspect the property, and the person so notified is not thereafter entitled to realise the security until the person has given the trustee a reasonable opportunity of inspecting the property and of exercising the right of redemption of the trustee.

Where trustee disposes property subject to an encumbrance

56.

Where the trustee has seized or disposed of property in the possession or on the premises of a bankrupt without notice of any claim in respect of the property and it is made to appear that the property was not at the date of the bankruptcy the property of the bankrupt or was subject to an unregistered lien, a right of retention, a pledge or a charge, the trustee is not personally liable for any loss or damage arising from the seizure or disposal sustained by any person claiming the property or an interest in the property or for the costs of proceedings taken to establish a claim to the property, unless the Court is of the opinion that the trustee has been guilty of negligence with respect to the duties of the trustee in relation to the property.

Persons claiming ownership interest in property of the bankrupt

57.(1)

Where a person claims any property, or interest in property, in the possession of a bankrupt at the time of the bankruptcy, that person shall file with the trustee a proof of claim verified by affidavit giving the grounds on which the claim is based and sufficient particulars to enable the property to be identified.

(2)

The trustee with whom a proof of claim is filed under subsection (1) shall within 15 days after the filing of the claim or within 15 days after the first meeting of creditors, whichever is the later, either admit the claim and deliver possession of the property to the claimant or give notice in writing to the claimant that the claim is disputed with his reasons, and, unless the claimant appeals to the Court within 15 days after the mailing of the notice of dispute, the claimant shall be deemed to have abandoned or relinquished all his right to or interest in the property to the trustee, who may sell or dispose of the property free of any lien, right, title or interest of the claimant.

(3)

The onus of establishing a claim to or interest in property under this section is on the claimant.

(4)

The trustee may give notice in writing to any person to prove his claim to or interest in property under this section, and, unless that person files with the trustee a proof of claim in the prescribed form within 15 days after the mailing of the notice, the trustee may with the leave of the Court sell or dispose of the property free of any lien, right, title or interest of that person.

(5)

No proceedings shall be instituted to establish a claim to, or to recover any right or interest in, any property in the possession of a bankrupt at the time of the bankruptcy, except as provided in this section.

(6)

Nothing in this section shall be construed as extending the rights of any person other than the trustee.

Unpaid suppliers may prove for certain goods

58.(1)

Subject to this section, where a person, in this section referred to as the “supplier”, has sold and delivered goods to another person, in this section referred to as the “purchaser”, for use in relation to the business of the purchaser, and the purchaser has not fully paid for the goods, the supplier may have access to and repossess the goods at the expense of the supplier, and the purchaser, trustee or receiver shall release the goods, if

(a)

the supplier presents a written demand for repossession to the purchaser, trustee or receiver, in prescribed form and containing the details of the transaction, within a period of 30 days after the delivery of the goods to the purchaser;

(b)

at the time when the demand referred to in paragraph (a) is presented,

(i)

the purchaser is bankrupt; or

(ii)

there is a receiver in relation to the purchaser;

(c)

at the time when the demand referred to in paragraph (a) is presented, the goods

(i)

are in the possession of the purchaser, trustee or receiver;

(ii)

are identifiable as the goods delivered by the supplier and are not fully paid for;

(iii)

are in the same state as they were on delivery;

(iv)

have not been resold at arm’s length; and

(v)

are not subject to any agreement for sale at arm’s length; and

(d)

the purchaser, trustee or receiver does not, after the demand referred to in paragraph (a) is presented, pay to the supplier the entire balance owing.

(2)

Where, at the time when the demand referred to in paragraph (a) is presented, the goods have been partly paid for, the right of the supplier to repossess under subsection (1) shall be read as a right

(a)

to repossess a portion of the goods proportional to the unpaid amount; or

(b)

to repossess all of the goods on paying to the purchaser, trustee or receiver an amount equal to the partial payment previously made to the supplier.

(3)

For the purposes of subsection (1)(b)(i), section 33 shall be disregarded and sections 24(a) and 29(2)(a) shall both be deemed to read as follows:

“(a)

the insolvent person shall at the time of the refusal be deemed to have made an assignment;

(4)

Where a notice of intention under section 16 or a proposal was filed in respect of the purchaser after the delivery of the goods to the purchaser and before there was a receiver in relation to the purchaser or the purchaser became bankrupt, the period between

(a)

the earlier of the filing of the notice of intention or proposal; and

(b)

the earlier of the first day there was a receiver in relation to the purchaser or the day the purchaser became bankrupt,

shall not be counted in determining the end of the 30-day period referred to in subsection (1)(a).

(5)

A supplier’s right to repossess goods pursuant to this section expires if not exercised within 10 days after the purchaser, trustee or receiver presents the supplier with a written notice admitting that right, unless the 10-day period is extended by mutual agreement.

(6)

Notwithstanding any other Act or law, the right of the supplier to repossess goods pursuant to this section ranks above every other claim or right against the purchaser in respect of those goods, other than the right of a bona fide subsequent purchaser of the goods for value without notice that the supplier had demanded repossession of the goods.

(7)

The purchaser, trustee or receiver may apply to the Court for directions in relation to any matter relating to this section, and the Court shall give, in writing, such directions, if any, as it considers proper in the circumstances.

(8)

Where a supplier is aggrieved by any act, omission or decision of the purchaser, trustee or receiver, the supplier may apply to the Court and the Court may make such order as it considers proper in the circumstances.

(9)

Nothing in subsection (7) or (8) precludes a person from exercising any right that the person may have under section 203(1) or section 206.

(10)

A supplier who repossesses goods pursuant to this section is not entitled to be paid for those goods.

Claim of farmer or fisherman

59.(1)

Where

(a)

a farmer has sold and delivered products of agriculture, or a fisherman has sold and delivered products of the sea, to another person, in this section referred to as the “purchaser”, for use in relation to the business of the purchaser;

(b)

the products were delivered to the purchaser within the 15-day period preceding

(i)

the day on which the purchaser became bankrupt; or

(ii)

the first day on which there was a receiver in relation to the purchaser;

(c)

as of the day referred to in paragraph (b)(i) or (ii), the farmer or fisherman has not been fully paid for the products; and

(d)

the farmer or fisherman files a proof of claim in the prescribed form in respect of the unpaid amount with the trustee or receiver, as the case may be, within 30 days after the day referred to in sub-paragraph (b)(i) or (ii),

the claim of the farmer or fisherman for the unpaid amount in respect of the products is secured by a charge on all the inventory of or held by the purchaser as of the day referred to in sub-paragraph (b)(i) or (ii).

(2)

The charge ranks above every other claim, right or charge against that inventory, regardless of when that other claim, right or charge arose, except a supplier’s right to repossess goods pursuant to section 58, notwithstanding any other Act or law.

(3)

Where the trustee or receiver, as the case may be, takes possession of or in any way disposes of an inventory covered by the charge referred to in subsection (1), the trustee or receiver is liable for the claim of the farmer or fisherman to the extent of the net amount realized on the disposition of that inventory, after deducting the cost of realization, and is subrogated in and to all rights of the farmer or fisherman to the extent of the amounts paid to them by the trustee or receiver.

(4)

In this section,

“aquatic plants and animals” means plants and animals that, at most stages of their development or life cycle, live in an aquatic environment;

“farm” means land in Barbados used for the purpose of farming, livestock raising, dairying, bee-keeping, fruit growing, the growing of trees and all tillage of the soil;

“farmer” includes the owner, occupier, landlord and tenant of a farm;

“fish” includes shellfish, crustaceans and marine animals;

“fisherman” means a person whose business consists in whole or in part of fishing;

“fishing” means fishing for or catching fish by any method;

“products of agriculture” includes

(a)

vegetables, fruits and all other direct products of the soil; and

(b)

honey, livestock, dairy products, eggs and all other indirect products of the soil; and

“products of the sea” includes fish of all kinds, marine organic and inorganic life and any substances extracted or derived from the sea.

(5)

For the purposes of this section, each thing included in the following terms as defined in subsection (2), namely,

(a)

“products of agriculture”; and

(b)

“products of the sea”,

comprises that thing in any form or state and any part thereof and any product or by-product thereof or derived therefrom.

(6)

For the avoidance of doubt, “goods” in section 58 includes products of agriculture and products of the sea.

(7)

Nothing in this section precludes a farmer or fisherman from exercising the right that that person may have under section 58 to repossess products of agriculture or products of the sea.

Sale of patented articles by trustee

60.(1)

Where any property of a bankrupt vesting in a trustee consists of patented articles that were sold to the bankrupt subject to any restrictions or limitations, the trustee is not bound by the restrictions or limitations but may sell and dispose of the patented articles free of the restrictions or limitations.

(2)

Where the manufacturer or vendor of the patented articles referred to in subsection (1) objects to the disposition of them by the trustee as provided by this section and gives the trustee notice in writing of the objection before the sale or disposition of the patented articles, that manufacturer or vendor has the right to purchase the patented articles at the invoice prices of those articles, subject to any reasonable deduction for depreciation or deterioration.

Copyright works dealt with by bankrupt

61.(1)

Notwithstanding anything in this Act or in any other statute, the author’s manuscripts and any copyright or any interest in a copyright in whole or in part assigned to a publisher, printer, firm or person becoming bankrupt shall, where

(a)

the work covered by the copyright has not been published and put on the market at the time of the bankruptcy and no expense has been incurred in connection with the work, revert and be delivered to the author or his heirs, and any contract or agreement between the author or his heirs and the bankrupt shall then terminate and be void;

(b)

the work covered by the copyright has in whole or in part been put into type and expenses have been incurred by the bankrupt, revert and be delivered to the author on payment of the expenses so incurred and the product of those expenses shall also be delivered to the author or his heirs and any contract or agreement between the author or his heirs and the bankrupt shall then terminate and be void, but if the author does not exercise his rights under this paragraph within 6 months of the date of bankruptcy, the trustee may carry out the original contract;

(c)

the trustee at the expiration of 6 months from the date of the bankruptcy decides not to carry out the contract, revert without expense to the author, and any contract or agreement between the author or his heirs and the bankrupt shall then terminate and be void.

(2)

Where, at the time of the bankruptcy referred to in subsection (1), the work was published and put on the market, the trustee is entitled to sell, or authorise the sale or reproduction of, any copies of the published work, or to perform or authorise the performance of the work, but

(a)

there shall be paid to the author or his heirs such sums by way of royalties or share of the profits as would have been payable by the bankrupt;

(b)

the trustee is not, without the written consent of the author or his heirs, entitled to assign the copyright or transfer the interest or to grant any interest in the copyright by licence or otherwise, except on terms that will guarantee to the author or his heirs payment by way of royalties or share of the profits at a rate not less than the rate the bankrupt was liable to pay; and

(c)

any contract or agreement between the author or his heirs and the bankrupt shall then terminate and be void, except with respect to the disposal, under this subsection, of copies of the work published and put on the market before the bankruptcy.

(3)

The trustee shall offer in writing to the author or his heirs the right to purchase the manufactured or marketable copies of the copyright work comprised in the estate of the bankrupt at such price and on such terms and conditions as the trustee may deem fair and proper before disposing of the manufactured and marketable copies in the manner set out in this section.

Bankrupt’s interest vests in purchaser upon sale by trustee

62.

All sales of property made by a trustee vest in the purchaser all the legal and equitable estate of the bankrupt in the property.

Limited partnerships

63.(1)

This Act applies to limited partnerships in like manner as if limited partnerships were ordinary partnerships, and, on all the general partners of a limited partnership becoming bankrupt, the property of the limited partnership vests in the trustee.

(2)

Where a member of a partnership becomes bankrupt, the Court may authorise the trustee to commence and prosecute any action in the names of the trustee and of the bankrupt’s partner, and any release by the partner of the debt or demand to which the action relates is void.

(3)

Notice of the application for authority to commence an action under subsection (2) shall be given to the bankrupt’s partner, who may show cause against it, and on his application the Court may, if it thinks fit, direct that he shall receive his proper share of the proceeds of the action, and if he does not claim any benefit from his share, he shall be indemnified against costs in respect of the action as the Court directs.

Crown claims are unsecured

64.(1)

In relation to a bankruptcy or proposal, all provable claims, including secured claims, of the Crown rank as unsecured claims.

(2)

Subsection (1) does not apply to claims that are secured by a security or privilege of a kind that can be obtained by persons other than the Crown pursuant to any law.

Crown’s security to be registered to be enforceable

65.(1)

A security provided for in legislation for the sole or principal purpose of securing a claim of the Crown is valid in relation to a bankruptcy or proposal only if the security is registered, before the earliest date of

(a)

the date a petition is filed against the debtor;

(b)

the date the debtor makes an assignment; and

(c)

the date the debtor commences proceedings for a proposal, pursuant to a prescribed system of registration.

(2)

In relation to a bankruptcy or proposal, a security referred to in subsection (1) that is registered in accordance with that subsection is valid only in respect of amounts owing to the Crown at the time of that registration, plus any interest subsequently accruing on those amounts.

Settlements within one year void

66.(1)

Any settlement of property made within the period beginning on the day that is one year before the date of the initial bankruptcy event in respect of the settlor and ending on the date that the settlor became bankrupt, both dates included, is void against the trustee.

(2)

Any settlement of property made within the period beginning on the day that is 5 years before the date of the initial bankruptcy event in respect of the settlor and ending on the date that the settlor became bankrupt, both dates included, is void against the trustee if the trustee can prove that the settlor was, at the time of making the settlement, unable to pay all the settlor’s debts without the aid of the property comprised in the settlement or that the interest of the settlor in the property did not pass on the execution thereof.

(3)

This section does not extend to any settlement made

(a)

before and in consideration of marriage;

(b)

in favour of a purchaser or incumbrancer in good faith and for valuable consideration; or

(c)

on or for the spouse or children of the settlor of property that has accrued to the settlor after the marriage in right of the settlor’s spouse or children.

Contracts in consideration of marriage

67.(1)

Any covenant or contract made by any person, hereinafter called “the settlor”, in consideration of the settlor’s marriage, either for the future payment of money for the benefit of the settlor’s spouse or children, or for the future settlement on or for the settlor’s spouse or children, of property wherein the settlor had not at the date of the marriage any estate or interest, whether vested or contingent, in possession or remainder, and not being money or property in right of the settlor’s spouse is, if the settlor becomes bankrupt and the covenant or contract has not been executed at the date of the initial bankruptcy event in respect of the settlor, void against the trustee.

(2)

Notwithstanding subsection (1) far as it enables the persons entitled under the covenant or contract to claim a dividend in the settlor’s bankruptcy proceedings under or in respect of the covenant or contract, but any such claim to a dividend shall be postponed until all claims of the other creditors have been satisfied.

Payments void subject to proof of certain facts

68.(1)

Any payment of money, not being payment of premiums on a policy of life insurance in favour of the spouse, child or children of the settlor, or any transfer of property made by the settlor in pursuance of a covenant or contract mentioned in section 67, is void against the trustee unless the person to whom the payment or transfer was made proves that

(a)

the payment or transfer was made more than 6 months before the date of the initial bankruptcy event in respect of the settlor;

(b)

at the date of the payment or transfer, the settlor was able to pay all his debts without the aid of the money so paid or the property so transferred; or

(c)

the payment or transfer was made in pursuance of a covenant or contract to pay or transfer money or property expected to come to the settlor from or on the death of a particular person named in the covenant or contract and was made within 3 months after the money or property came into the possession or under the control of the settlor.

(2)

Where any payment or transfer mentioned in subsection (1) is declared void, the persons to whom it was made are entitled to claim for dividend under or in respect of the covenant or contract in like manner as if it had not been executed at the date of the initial bankruptcy event.

Assignment of book debts void

69.(1)

Where a person engaged in any trade or business makes an assignment of his existing or future book debts or any class or part thereof and subsequently becomes bankrupt, the assignment of book debts is void against the trustee with respect to any book debts that have not been paid at the date of bankruptcy.

(2)

This section does not apply to an assignment of book debts that is registered pursuant to any statute providing for the registration thereof if the assignment is valid in accordance with the statute.

(3)

Nothing in this section renders void any assignment of book debts due at the date of the assignment from specified debtors, or of debts growing due under specified contracts, or any assignment of book debts included in a transfer of a business made in good faith and for valuable consideration.

(4)

For the purposes of this section, “assignment” includes assignment by way of security and other charges on book debts.

Preferences voidable if made within 3 months

70.(1)

Every conveyance or transfer of property or charge made on property, every payment made, every obligation incurred and every judicial proceeding taken or suffered by any insolvent person in favour of any creditor or of any person in trust for any creditor with a view to giving such creditor or any surety or guarantor for the debt due to such creditor a preference over the other creditors is, where it is made, incurred, taken or suffered within the period beginning on the day that is 3 months before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date the insolvent person became bankrupt, both dates included, deemed fraudulent and void as against the trustee in the bankruptcy.

(2)

Where any conveyance, transfer, charge, payment, obligation, or judicial proceeding mentioned in subsection (1) has the effect of giving any creditor a preference over other creditors, or over any one or more of them, it shall be presumed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to have been made, incurred, taken, paid or suffered with a view to giving the creditor a preference over other creditors, whether or not it was made voluntarily or under pressure; and evidence of pressure shall not be admissible to support the transaction.

(3)

Subsection (2) does not apply in respect of a margin deposit made by a clearing member with a clearing house.

(4)

In this section,

“clearing house” means a body that acts as an intermediary for its clearing members in effecting securities transactions;

“clearing member” means a person engaged in the business of effecting securities transactions who uses a clearing house as intermediary;

“creditor” includes a surety or guarantor for the debt due to the creditor;

“margin deposit” means a payment, deposit or transfer to a clearing house under the rules of the clearing house to assure the performance of the obligations of a clearing member in connection with security transactions, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, transactions respecting futures, options or other derivatives or to fulfil any of those obligations.

Preference to related party voidable if made within 12 months

71.

Where the conveyance, transfer, charge, payment, obligation or judicial proceeding mentioned in section 70(1) is in favour of a person related to the insolvent person, the period referred to in section 70(1) shall be one year instead of 3 months.

Transactions between initial bankruptcy event and bankruptcy

72.(1)

No payment, delivery, conveyance, transfer, contract, dealing or transaction to, by or with a bankrupt made between the date of the initial bankruptcy event and the date of the bankruptcy is valid, except the following, which are valid if made in good faith, subject to the foregoing provisions of this Act with respect to the effect of bankruptcy on an execution, attachment or other process against property, and subject to the provisions of this Act respecting settlements, preferences and reviewable transactions:

(a)

a payment by the bankrupt to any of the creditors of the bankrupt;

(b)

a payment or delivery to the bankrupt;

(c)

a conveyance or transfer by the bankrupt for adequate valuable consideration; and

(d)

a contract, dealing or transaction, including any giving of security, by or with the bankrupt for adequate valuable consideration.

(2)

The expression “adequate valuable consideration” in paragraph (1)(c) means a consideration of fair and reasonable money value with relation to that of the property conveyed, assigned or transferred, and in paragraph (1)(d) means a consideration of fair and reasonable money value with relation to the known or reasonably to be anticipated benefits of the contract, dealing or transaction.

(3)

Where there have been mutual credit, mutual debts or other mutual dealings between a bankrupt and any other person proving or claiming to prove a debt in the bankruptcy, an account may be taken of what is due from one party to the other in respect of such mutual dealings, and the sum due from the one party shall be set off against any sum due from the other party; and the balance of the account, and no more, shall be claimed or paid on either side respectively.

Proceeds from dealing with property obtained in void or voidable transaction

73.(1)

Where a person has acquired property of a bankrupt under a transaction that is void or under a voidable transaction that is set aside and has sold, disposed of, realised or collected the property or any part thereof, the money or other proceeds, whether further disposed of or not, shall be deemed the property of the trustee.

(2)

The trustee may recover the property or the value of the property or the money or proceeds from the property from the person who acquired it from the bankrupt or from any other person to whom he may have resold, transferred or paid over the proceeds of the property as fully and effectually as the trustee could have recovered the property if it had not been so sold, disposed of, realised or collected.

(3)

Notwithstanding subsection (1), where any person to whom the property has been sold or disposed of has paid or given in good faith adequate valuable consideration for the property, that person is not subject to the operation of this section but the trustee’s recourse shall be solely against the person entering into the transaction with the bankrupt for recovery of the consideration so paid or given or the value of the property.

(4)

Where the consideration payable for or on any sale or resale of the property or any part of the property remains unsatisfied, the trustee is subrogated to the rights of the vendor to compel payment or satisfaction.

Good faith transactions with bankrupts protected

74.(1)

All transactions by a bankrupt with any person dealing with the bankrupt in good faith and for value in respect of property acquired by the bankrupt after the bankruptcy, if completed before any intervention by the trustee, are valid against the trustee, and any estate or interest in the property that by virtue of this Act is vested in the trustee shall determine and pass in such manner and to such extent as may be required for giving effect to the transaction.

(2)

For the purposes of this section, the receipt of any money, security or negotiable instrument from or by the order or direction of a bankrupt by his banker and any payment and any delivery of any security or negotiable instrument made to or by the order or direction of a bankrupt by his banker shall be deemed to be a transaction by the bankrupt with his banker dealing with him for value.

Reviewable transactions in year prior to initial bankruptcy event

75.(1)

Where a bankrupt sold, purchased, leased, hired, supplied or received property or services in a reviewable transaction within the period beginning on the day that is one year before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date of the bankruptcy, the Court may, on the application of the trustee, inquire into whether the bankrupt gave or received, as the case may be, fair market value in consideration for the property or services concerned in the transaction.

(2)

Where the Court in proceedings under this section finds that the consideration given or received by the bankrupt in the reviewable transaction was conspicuously greater or less than the fair market value of the property or services concerned in the transaction, the Court may give judgment to the trustee against the other party to the transaction, against any other person being privy to the transaction with the bankrupt or against all those persons for the difference between the actual consideration given or received by the bankrupt and the fair market value, as determined by the Court, of the property or services concerned in the transaction.

(3)

In making an application under this section, the trustee shall state what in his opinion was the fair market value of the property or services concerned in the transaction and what in his opinion was the value of the actual consideration given or received by the bankrupt in the transaction, and the values on which the Court makes any finding pursuant to this section shall be the values so stated by the trustee unless other values are proven.

Where dividend paid by company

76.(1)

Where a corporation that is bankrupt has paid a dividend, other than a stock dividend, or redeemed or purchased for cancellation any of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation within the period beginning on the day that is one year before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date of the bankruptcy, the Court may, on the application of the trustee, inquire into the transaction to ascertain whether it occurred at a time when the corporation was insolvent or whether it rendered the corporation insolvent.

(2)

Where a transaction referred to in subsection (1) has occurred, the Court may give judgment to the trustee against the directors of the corporation, jointly and severally, in the amount of the dividend or redemption or purchase price, with interest on the dividend, redemption or purchase price, that has not been paid to the corporation where the Court finds that

(a)

the transaction occurred at a time when the corporation was insolvent or the transaction rendered the corporation insolvent; and

(b)

the directors did not have reasonable grounds to believe that the transaction was occurring at a time when the corporation was not solvent or the transaction would not render the corporation insolvent.

(3)

In making a determination under paragraph (2)(b), the Court shall consider whether the directors acted as prudent and diligent persons would have acted in the same circumstances and whether the directors in good faith relied on

(a)

financial or other statements of the corporation represented to them by officers of the corporation or the auditor of the corporation, as the case may be, or by written reports of the auditor to fairly reflect the financial condition of the corporation; or

(b)

a report relating to the corporation’s affairs prepared pursuant to a contract with the corporation by an attorney, notary, accountant, engineer, appraiser or other person whose profession gave credibility to the statements made in the report.

(4)

Where a transaction referred to in subsection (1) has occurred and the Court makes a finding referred to in subsection (2)(a), the Court may give judgment to the trustee against a shareholder who is related to one or more directors or to the corporation or who is a director not liable by reason of subsection (2)(b) or subsection (5), in the amount of the dividend or redemption or purchase price referred to in subsection (1) and the interest on the dividend, redemption or purchase price, that was received by the shareholder and not repaid to the corporation.

(5)

A judgment pursuant to subsection (2) shall not be entered against or be binding on a director who had, in accordance with any applicable law governing the operation of the corporation, protested against the payment of the dividend or the redemption or purchase for cancellation of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation and had thereby exonerated himself under that law from any liability.

(6)

Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect any right, under any applicable law governing the operation of the corporation, of the directors to recover from a shareholder the whole or any part of any dividend, or any redemption or purchase price, made or paid to the shareholder when the corporation was insolvent or that rendered the corporation insolvent.

(7)

For the purposes of subsection (2), the onus of proving

(a)

that the corporation was not insolvent at the time the transaction occurred and that the transaction did not render the corporation insolvent; or

(b)

that the directors had reasonable grounds to believe that the transaction was occurring at a time when the corporation was not insolvent or that the transaction would not render the corporation insolvent

lies on the directors.

(8)

For the purposes of subsection (4), the onus of proving that the corporation was not insolvent at the time the transaction occurred and that the transaction did not render the corporation insolvent lies on the shareholder.

Mutatis mutandis

77.(1)

Where a proposal is made under Part V, sections 66 to 76 apply to the proposal with such modifications as the circumstances require, except where the proposal otherwise provides.

(2)

For the purposes of subsection (1), any reference in sections 66 to 76 to “becomes bankrupt” shall be construed as a reference to “files a proposal”, and any reference in those sections to a bankrupt shall be construed as a reference to the debtor in respect of whom the proposal is filed.

Where proposal followed by bankruptcy

78.

Sections 66 to 76 apply as though the debtor became bankrupt on the date of the initial bankruptcy event where the proposal is annulled either by the Court pursuant to section 32(1) or as a result of a receiving order or assignment.

Trustee to send notice to creditors of first meeting

79.(1)

Subject to subsection (2), it is the duty of the trustee

(a)

to inquire as to the names and addresses of the creditors of a bankrupt; and

(b)

within 5 days after the date of the trustee’s appointment, to send in the prescribed manner to the bankrupt, to every known creditor and to the Supervisor a notice in the prescribed form of the bankruptcy and of the first meeting of creditors, to be held within the 21-day period following the day of the trustee’s appointment, at the office of the Supervisor; but the Supervisor may, when the Supervisor deems it expedient, authorise the meeting to be held at such other place as the Supervisor may fix.

(2)

Where the Supervisor is satisfied that the extension of the period during which the first meeting of creditors must be held will not be detrimental to the creditors and is in the general interests of the administration of the estate, the Supervisor may extend the period

(a)

by 10 days; or

(b)

where the Supervisor is satisfied that special circumstances exist, by up to 30 days.

(3)

The trustee shall include with the notice referred to in subsection (1) a list of the creditors with claims amounting to $50 or more and the amounts of their claims together with a proof of claim and proxy in the prescribed form but no name shall be inserted in the proxy before it is so sent.

(4)

In the case of the bankruptcy of an individual, the trustee shall

(a)

set out in the notice, in the prescribed form, information concerning the financial situation of the bankrupt and the obligation of the bankrupt to make payments required under section 39 to the estate of the bankrupt; and

(b)

forthwith advise the Supervisor, and any creditors who have requested such information, of

(i)

any material change relating to the financial situation of the bankrupt; and

(ii)

any amendment made under section 39(3) to the amount that the bankrupt is required to pay to the estate of the bankrupt.

(5)

A notice in the prescribed form shall, as soon as possible after the bankruptcy and not later than 5 days before the first meeting of creditors, be published in a local daily newspaper by the trustee.

(6)

The purpose of the first meeting of creditors shall be to

(a)

consider the affairs of the bankrupt;

(b)

affirm the appointment of the trustee or substitute another in place of the trustee;

(c)

appoint inspectors; and

(d)

give such directions to the trustee as the creditors may see fit with reference to the administration of the estate.

Trustee may call meeting

80.(1)

The trustee may at any time call a meeting of creditors and he shall do so when directed by the Court and whenever requested in writing by a majority of the inspectors or by any creditor with the concurrence of one-sixth in value of the unsecured creditors holding one-sixth in number of the proved unsecured claims.

(2)

A meeting of the creditors may be convened by a majority of the inspectors at any time when a trustee is not available to call a meeting or has neglected or failed to do so when so directed by the inspectors.

Notice regarding subsequent meetings

81.(1)

Meetings of creditors other than the first shall be called by sending a notice of the time and place of the meeting not less than 5 days before the time of each meeting to each creditor at the address given in the creditor’s proof of claim.

(2)

After the first meeting of creditors, notice of any meeting or of any proceeding need not be given to any creditors other than those who have proved their claims.

Chairman of first meeting

82.(1)

The Supervisor or the nominee of the Supervisor shall be the chairman at the first meeting of creditors and shall decide any questions or disputes arising at the meeting; and any creditor may appeal to the Court from any decision arising from the meeting.

(2)

At all meetings of creditors other than the first, the trustee shall be the chairman unless by resolution at the meeting some other person is appointed.

(3)

The chairman of any meeting of creditors shall, in the case of a tie, have a second or casting vote.

(4)

The chairman of any meeting of creditors shall cause minutes of the proceedings at the meeting to be drawn up and entered in a book kept for that purpose, and the minutes shall be signed by that chairman or by the chairman of the next ensuing meeting.

(5)

Where a meeting of creditors is called, the proceedings and resolutions passed at the meeting, unless the Court otherwise orders, are valid, notwithstanding that some creditors had not received notice.

Quorum at meetings

83.(1)

One creditor entitled to vote, or the representative of that creditor, constitutes a quorum for a meeting of creditors.

(2)

Where there is no quorum at the first meeting of creditors,

(a)

the appointment of the trustee shall be deemed to be confirmed; and

(b)

the chairman shall adjourn the meeting

(i)

to such time and place as the chairman fixes; or

(ii)

without fixing a time or place for a future meeting.

(3)

Where there is no quorum at any meeting of creditors other than the first meeting, the chairman shall adjourn the meeting to such time and place as the chairman fixes.

(4)

The chairman of any meeting of creditors may with the consent of the meeting, adjourn the meeting, from time to time.

Creditors may vote by class

84.

Every class of creditors may express its views and wishes separately from every other class and the effect to be given to those views and wishes shall, in case of any dispute and subject to this Act, be in the discretion of the Court.

Chairman may admit or reject proofs

85.(1)

The chairman of any meeting of creditors has power to admit or reject a proof of claim for the purpose of voting but his decision is subject to appeal to the Court.

(2)

Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the chairman may, for the purpose of voting, accept any letter or printed matter transmitted by any form or mode of telecommunication as proof of the claim of a creditor.

(3)

Where the Chairman is in doubt as to whether a proof of claim should be admitted or rejected, the Chairman shall mark the proof as objected to and allow the creditor to vote subject to the vote being declared invalid in the event of the objection being sustained.

Completed proof of claim required to enable voting

86.(1)

A person is not entitled to vote as a creditor at any meeting of creditors unless that person has duly proved a claim provable in bankruptcy and the proof of claim has been duly lodged with the trustee before the time appointed for the meeting.

(2)

A creditor may vote either in person or by proxy.

(3)

A proxy is not invalid merely because it is in the form of a letter or printed matter transmitted by any form or mode of telecommunication.

(4)

A debtor may not be appointed a proxy to vote at any meeting of his creditors.

(5)

A corporation may vote by an authorised agent at meetings of creditors.

(6)

Except as otherwise provided by this Act, a creditor is not entitled to vote at any meeting of creditors if the creditor did not, at all times within the period beginning on the day that is one year before the date of the initial bankruptcy event in respect of the debtor and ending on the date of the bankruptcy, both dates included, deal with the debtor at arm’s length.

(7)

A creditor who is not entitled to vote at a meeting of creditors by virtue of subsection (6) may with leave of the Court vote at the meeting of creditors when all the creditors who have dealt with the debtor at arm’s length do not together represent at least 20 per cent in value of the claims against the debtor.

Voting where claims acquired

87.(1)

No person is entitled to vote on a claim acquired after the bankruptcy of a debtor unless the entire claim is acquired.

(2)

Subsection (1) does not apply to persons acquiring notes, bills or other securities on which they are liable.

Where non-bankrupt parties jointly liable

88.

A creditor shall not vote in respect of any claim on or secured by a current bill of exchange or promissory note held by that creditor, unless the creditor is willing to treat the liability to him by virtue of the bill of exchange or promissory note of every person who is liable on that bill or note antecedently to the debtor, and who is not a bankrupt, as a security in his hands and to estimate the value thereof and for the purposes of voting, but not for the purposes of dividend, to deduct it from his claim.

Secured creditor may vote unsecured portion only

89.

For the purpose of voting, a secured creditor shall, unless that creditor surrenders his security, state in his proof the particulars of his security, the date when it was given and the value at which he assesses it, and he is entitled to vote only in respect of the balance, if any, due to him, after deducting the value of his security.

Where trustee may vote

90.(1)

Where the trustee is a creditor or a proxy for a creditor, the trustee may vote as a creditor at any meeting of creditors.

(2)

The vote of the trustee or of his partner, clerk, attorney or attorney’s clerk, either as creditor or as proxy for a creditor, shall not be reckoned in the majority required for passing any resolution affecting the remuneration or conduct of the trustee.

(3)

The following persons are not entitled to vote on the appointment of a trustee or inspector:

(a)

the father, mother, child, sister, brother, uncle or aunt by blood or marriage, or spouse of the bankrupt;

(b)

where the bankrupt is a corporation, any officer, director, or employee of the corporation; and

(c)

where the bankrupt is a corporation, any wholly-owned subsidiary corporation or any officer, director or employee of the corporation.

Minutes to be proof of meeting

91.(1)

A minute of proceedings at a meeting of creditors under this Act signed at the same or the next ensuing meeting by a person describing himself as or appearing to be chairman of the meeting at which the minute is signed shall be admitted in evidence without further proof.

(2)

Until the contrary is proved, every meeting of creditors in respect of the proceedings where a minute has been signed by the chairman shall be deemed to have been duly convened and held and all resolutions passed or proceedings at the meeting to have been duly convened and held and to have been duly passed.

Creditors vote by dollar

92.

Subject to this Act, all questions at meetings of creditors shall be decided by resolution carried by the majority of votes, and for that purpose the votes of a creditor shall be calculated by counting one vote for each dollar of every claim of the creditor that is not disallowed.

Appointment of inspectors

93.(1)

At the first or a subsequent meeting of creditors, the creditors shall appoint one or more, but not exceeding 5, inspectors of the estate of the bankrupt for the purpose of overseeing the administration of the estate of the trustee bankrupt.

(2)

No person is eligible to be appointed or to act as an inspector unless he satisfies the criteria prescribed and is not a party to any contested action or proceedings by or against the estate of the bankrupt.

(3)

The powers of the inspectors may be exercised by a majority of them.

(4)

The creditors or inspectors at any meeting may fill any vacancy on the board of inspectors.

(5)

The creditors may at any meeting and the Court may on the application of the trustee or any creditor revoke the appointment of any inspector and appoint another in his stead.

(6)

Where there are no inspectors, any act or thing or any direction or permission by this Act authorised or required to be done or given by inspectors may be done or given by the Court on the application of the trustee.

Trustee may call meeting of inspectors

94.(1)

The trustee may call a meeting of inspectors when he deems it advisable, and he shall do so when requested in writing by a majority of the inspectors.

(2)

An inspector may, if all the other inspectors consent, participate in a meeting of inspectors by means of such telephone or other communication facilities as permit all persons participating in the meeting to communicate with each other, and an inspector participating in such a meeting by such means is deemed for the purpose of this Act to be present at that meeting.

(3)

In the event of an equal division of opinion at a meeting of inspectors, the opinion of any absent inspector shall be sought in order to resolve the difference and, in the case of a difference that cannot be so resolved, it shall be resolved by the trustee, unless it concerns his personal conduct or interest, in which case it shall be resolved by the creditors or the Court.

Trustee to call meeting to appoint inspectors

95.

Where there are no inspectors of the estate of the bankrupt or where the inspectors fail to exercise the powers conferred upon them, the trustee shall call a meeting of the creditors for the purpose of appointing inspectors or substituting other inspectors, taking such action or giving such directions as may be necessary.

Directions of creditors to override directions by inspectors

96.(1)

Subject to this Act, the trustee shall in the administration of the property of the bankrupt and in the distribution of that property among his creditors have regard to any directions that may be given by resolution of the creditors at any general meeting or by the inspectors, and any directions so given by the creditors shall in case of conflict be deemed to override any directions given by the inspectors.

(2)

The decisions and actions of the inspectors are subject to review by the Court at the instance of the trustee or any interested person and the Court may revoke or vary any act or decision of the inspectors and it may give such directions, permission or authority as it deems proper in substitution or may refer any matter back to the inspectors for reconsideration.

Miscellaneous provisions relating to inspectors

97.(1)

No inspector is, directly or indirectly, capable of purchasing or acquiring for himself or for another any of the property of the estate for which he is an inspector, except with the prior approval of the Court.

(2)

No defect or irregularity in the appointment of an inspector vitiates any act done by him in good faith.

(3)

The inspectors shall from time to time verify the bank balance of the estate, examine the trustee’s accounts and inquire into the adequacy of the security filed by the trustee and; subject to subsection (4), shall approve the trustee’s final statement of receipts and disbursements, dividend sheet and disposition of unrealised property.

(4)

Before approving the final statement of receipts and disbursements of the trustee, the inspectors shall satisfy themselves that all the property has been accounted for and that the administration of the estate has been completed as far as can reasonably be done and shall determine whether or not the disbursements and expenses incurred are proper and have been duly authorised, and the fees and remuneration just and reasonable in the circumstances.

(5)

Each inspector

(a)

may be repaid actual and necessary travel expenses incurred in relation to the performance of the inspector’s duties; and

(b)

may be paid such fees per meeting as are prescribed.

(6)

An inspector duly authorised by the creditors or by the other inspectors to perform special services for the estate may be allowed a special fee for those services, subject to approval of the Court, which may vary that fee as it deems proper having regard to the nature of the services rendered in relation to the fiduciary obligations of the inspector to the estate.

Claims provable

98.(1)

All debts and liabilities, present or future, to which the bankrupt is subject on the day on which the bankrupt becomes bankrupt or to which the bankrupt may become subject before the bankrupt’s discharge by reason of any obligation incurred before the day on which the bankrupt becomes bankrupt shall be deemed to be claims provable in proceedings under this Act.

(2)

The determination whether a contingent or unliquidated claim is a provable claim and the valuation of such a claim shall be made in accordance with section 165.

(3)

A creditor may prove a debt not payable at the date of bankruptcy and may receive dividends equally with the other creditors, deducting only thereout a rebate of interest at the rate of 5 per cent per annum computed from the declaration of a dividend to the time when the debt would have become payable according to the terms on which it was contracted.

(4)

A claim in respect of a debt or liability referred to in section 156(1)(c) or (d) payable under an order or agreement made before the date of the initial bankruptcy event in respect of the bankrupt and at a time when the spouse or child was living apart from the bankrupt, whether the order or agreement provides for periodic amounts or lump sum amounts, is a claim provable under this Act.

Where bankruptcy follows proposal

99.(1)

The claims of creditors under a proposal are, in the event of a debtor subsequently becoming bankrupt, provable in the bankruptcy for the full amount of the claims less any dividends paid on those claims pursuant to the proposal; and the provable claims of creditors arising after the proposal until the date of bankruptcy shall be provable in the bankruptcy.

(2)

Where interest on any debt or sum certain is provable under this Act but the rate of interest has not been agreed on, the creditor may prove interest at a rate not exceeding 5 per cent per annum to the date of the bankruptcy from the time the debt or sum was payable, if evidenced by a written instrument, or, if not so evidenced, from the time notice has been given to the debtor of the interest claimed.

Proof in respect of distinct contracts

100.

Where a bankrupt was, at the date of the bankruptcy, liable in respect of distinct contracts as a member of 2 or more distinct firms, or as a sole contractor and also as a member of a firm, the fact that the firms are in whole or in part composed of the same individuals, or that the sole contractor is also one of the joint contractors, shall not prevent proof, in respect of the contracts, against the properties respectively liable on the contracts.

Proof of claim required to share in distribution

101.(1)

Every creditor shall prove his claim, and a creditor who does not prove his claim is not entitled to share in any distribution that may be made.

(2)

A claim shall be proved by delivering to the trustee a proof of claim in the prescribed form.

(3)

The proof of claim may be made by the creditor himself or by a person authorised by him on behalf of the creditor and, if made by a person so authorised, it shall state his authority and means of knowledge.

(4)

The proof of claim shall contain or refer to a statement of account showing the particulars of the claim and any counterclaim that the bankrupt may have to the knowledge of the creditor, and shall specify the vouchers or other evidence, if any, by which it can be substantiated.

(5)

The proof of claim shall state whether the creditor is or is not a secured or preferred creditor.

(6)

Where any rent or other payment for certain periods falls due at stated times the person entitled to the rent or payment may prove for a proportionate part of the rent or other payment to the date of bankruptcy as if the rent or payment grew due from day to day.

Court may disallow false claims

102.

Where a creditor or other person in any proceedings under this Act files with the trustee a proof of claim containing any wilfully false statement or wilful misrepresentation, the Court may, in addition to any other penalty provided in this Act, disallow the claim in whole or in part as the Court in its discretion may see fit.

Proven creditors may examine proofs of claim

103.(1)

Every creditor who has lodged a proof of claim is entitled to see and examine the proofs of other creditors.

(2)

Proofs of claims for wages of workers and others employed by the bankrupt may be made in one proof by the bankrupt or someone on behalf of the bankrupt or by a representative of a ministry responsible for labour matters or a representative of a union representing workers and others employed by the bankrupt, by attaching to the proof a schedule setting out the names and addresses of the workers and others and the amounts severally due to them, but that proof does not disentitle any worker or other wage-earner to file a separate proof on their own behalf.

Secured creditor may prove for balance due

104.(1)

Where a secured creditor realizes his security, he may prove the balance due to him after deducting the net amount realized.

(2)

Where a secured creditor surrenders his security to the trustee for the general benefit of the creditors, he may prove his whole claim.

Trustee may require proof of claim by secured creditor

105.(1)

Where the trustee has knowledge of property that may be subject to a security, the trustee may, by serving notice in the prescribed form, require any person to file, in the prescribed form and manner, a proof of the security that gives full particulars of the security, including the date on which the security was given and the value at which that person assesses it.

(2)

Where the trustee serves a notice pursuant to subsection (1), and the person on whom the notice is served does not file a proof of security within 30 days after the day of service of the notice, the trustee may, with leave of the Court, sell or dispose of any property that was subject to the security free of that security.

(3)

A creditor is entitled to receive a dividend in respect only of the balance due to him after deducting the assessed value of his security.

(4)

The trustee may redeem a security on payment to the secured creditor of the debt or the value of the security as assessed, in the proof of security, by the secured creditor.

Trustee may require security to be sold

106.(1)

Where the trustee is dissatisfied with the value at which a security is assessed, the trustee may require that the property the security comprises be offered for sale at such time and on such terms and conditions as may be agreed on between the creditor and the trustee or, in default of such an agreement, as the Court may direct.

(2)

Where a sale under subsection (1) is by public auction the creditor or the trustee on behalf of the estate may bid or purchase.

(3)

The costs and expenses of a sale made under this section are in the discretion of the Court.

Secured creditor may require election of trustee

107.

Notwithstanding section 105(3) and section 106, the creditor may, by notice in writing, require the trustee to elect whether he will exercise the power of redeeming the security or requiring it to be realized, and if the trustee does not, within one month after receiving the notice or such further time or times as the Court may allow, signify in writing to the creditor his election to exercise the power, the trustee is not entitled to exercise that power, and the equity of redemption or any other interest in the property comprised in the security that is vested in the trustee shall vest in the creditor, and the amount of the claim of the trustee shall be reduced by the amount at which the security has been valued.

Amended claim where security realized

108.

Where a creditor after having valued his security subsequently realizes it, or it is realized under section 106, the net amount realized shall be substituted for the amount of any valuation previously made by the creditor and shall be treated in all respects as an amended valuation made by the creditor.

Amendment of claim where security not realized

109.(1)

Where a trustee has not elected to acquire the security as provided in this Act, a creditor may at any time amend the valuation and proof on showing to the satisfaction of the trustee or the Court that the valuation and proof were made in good faith on a mistaken estimate, or that the security has diminished or increased in value since its previous valuation.

(2)

An amendment pursuant to subsection (1) shall be made at the cost of the creditor and on such terms as the Court orders, unless the trustee allows the amendment without application to the Court.

(3)

Where a valuation has been amended pursuant to this section, the creditor

(a)

shall forthwith repay any surplus dividend that he may have received in excess of that to which he would have been entitled on the amended valuation; or

(b)

is entitled to be paid out of any money for the time being available for dividend any dividend or share of dividend that he may have failed to receive by reason of the amount of the original valuation before that money is made applicable to the payment of any future dividend, but he is not entitled to disturb the distribution of any dividend declared before the amendment is filed with the trustee.

Exclusion of secured creditor from dividend

110.

Where a secured creditor does not comply with sections 104 to 109, he shall be excluded from any dividend.

No creditor to receive more than 100 cents on dollar

111.

Subject to section 107, a creditor shall in no case receive more than 100 cents on the dollar and interest as provided by this Act.

Trustee to examine proofs

112.(1)

The trustee shall examine every proof of claim or proof of security and the grounds for the proof, and may require further evidence in support of the claim or security.

(2)

The trustee shall determine whether any contingent claim or unliquidated claim is a provable claim and, if it is a provable claim, the trustee shall value it, and the claim is, subject to this section, deemed a proved claim to the amount of its valuation.

(3)

The trustee may disallow, in whole or in part,

(a)

any claim;

(b)

any right to a priority under the applicable order of priority set out in this Act; or

(c)

any security.

(4)

Where the trustee makes a determination under subsection (2) or, pursuant to subsection (3), disallows, in whole or in part, any claim, any right to a priority or any security, the trustee shall provide, in the prescribed manner, to the person whose claim was subject to a determination under subsection (2) or whose claim, right to a priority or security was disallowed under subsection (3) a notice in the prescribed form setting out the reasons for the determination or disallowance.

(5)

A determination under subsection (2) or a disallowance under subsection (3) is final and conclusive unless, within a 30-day period after the service of the notice referred to in subsection (4) or such further time as the Court may on application made within that period allow, the person to whom the notice was provided appeals from the trustee’s decision to the Court in accordance with the Bankruptcy Rules.

(6)

The Court may expunge or reduce a proof of claim or a proof of security on the application of a creditor or of the debtor if the trustee declines to interfere in the matter.

Preferred creditors

113.(1)

Subject to subsection (2) and the rights of secured creditors and the beneficiaries of a trust under section 49 of the Occupational Pension Benefits Act, 2003, the proceeds realised from the property of a bankrupt shall be applied in priority of payment as follows:

(a)

in the case of a deceased bankrupt, the reasonable funeral and testamentary expenses incurred by the legal personal representative of the deceased bankrupt;

(b)

the costs of administration, in the following order:

(i)

the expenses and fees of any person acting under a direction made under section 175(1)(a);

(ii)

the expenses and fees of the trustee; and

(iii)

legal costs;

(c)

the levy payable under section 123;

(d)

excluding severance, claims for wages, salaries, commissions or compensation of any employee for services rendered during the 6 months immediately preceding the bankruptcy to the extent of $4 000 in each case, together with, in the case of a travelling salesman, disbursements properly incurred by that salesman in and about the bankrupt’s business, to the extent of an additional $2 000 in each case, during the same period;

(e)

contributions payable by the bankrupt, as an employer, pursuant to the National Insurance and Social Security Act, Cap. 47 and the Occuptional Pension Benefits Act, 2003 (Act 2003-17);

(f)

all taxes including land tax or income tax assessed on the bankrupt and not exceeding in total one year’s assessment;

(g)

a claim by the landlord pursuant to section 49(6);

(h)

claims of individuals being of less than 30 years of age as of the date of bankruptcy having contracted directly with the bankrupt, in each case to the extent of $750, and where there are insufficient funds in the estate to pay all such claims, they shall be paid rateably; and

(i)

all claims of all persons having contracted directly with the bankrupt, in each case to a maximum of $500, and where there are insufficient funds in the estate to pay all such claims, they shall be paid rateably.

(2)

Where a proposal made by an insolvent person has been approved by the Court pursuant to section 28(7), the insolvent person has not subsequently been adjudged bankrupt, and the trustee has not been required to notify the Supervisor pursuant to section 31, the claims under paragraphs (d) and (e) of subsection (1) shall be read as including only those amounts due for the periods commencing 12 and 6 months, respectively, before the proposal was filed.

(3)

Subject to the retention of such sums as may be necessary for the costs of administration or otherwise, payment in accordance with subsections (1) and (2) shall be made as soon as funds are available for the purpose.

(4)

A creditor whose rights are restricted by this section is entitled to rank as an unsecured creditor for any balance of claim due him.

[2003-17]

Where reviewable transaction

114.

A creditor who entered into a reviewable transaction with a debtor at any time prior to the bankruptcy of the debtor is not entitled to claim a dividend in respect of a claim arising out of that transaction until all claims of the other creditors have been satisfied, unless the transaction was in the opinion of the trustee or of the Court a proper transaction.

Claim of relative of bankrupt

115.

A father, child, mother, brother, sister, uncle or aunt by blood or marriage of a bankrupt is not entitled to have a claim preferred as provided by section 113, in respect of wages, salary, commission or compensation for work done or services rendered to the bankrupt.

Claim of participating lender

116.

Where a lender advances money to a borrower engaged or about to engage in trade or business under a contract with the borrower that the lender shall receive a rate of interest varying with the profits or shall receive a share of the profits arising from carrying on the trade or business, and the borrower subsequently becomes bankrupt, the lender of the money is not entitled to recover anything in respect of the loan until the claims of all other creditors of the borrower have been satisfied.

Claim of officer and director

117.

Where a corporation becomes bankrupt, no officer or director of the corporation is entitled to have his claim preferred as provided by section 113 in respect of wages, salary, commission or compensation for work done or services rendered to that corporation in any capacity.

Dividends pro-rata

118.

Subject to this Act, all claims proved in a bankruptcy shall be paid rateably.

Property of bankrupt partnership

119.(1)

Where partners become bankrupt, their joint property shall be applicable in the first instance in payment of their joint debts, and the separate property of each partner shall be applicable in the first instance in payment of his separate debts.

(2)

Where there is a surplus of the separate properties of the partners, it shall be dealt with as part of the joint property.

(3)

Where there is a surplus of the joint property of the partners, it shall be dealt with as part of the respective separate properties in proportion to the right and interest of each partner in the joint property.

(4)

Where a bankrupt owes or owed debts both individually and as a member of one or more partnerships, the claims shall rank first on the property of the individual or partnership by which they represent were contracted and shall only rank on the other estate or estates after all the creditors of the other estate or estates have been paid in full.

(5)

Where the joint property of any bankrupt partnership is insufficient to defray any costs properly incurred, the trustee may pay such costs as cannot be paid out of the joint property out of the separate property of the bankrupts or one or more of them in such proportion as he may determine with the consent of the inspectors of the estates out of which the payment is intended to be made, or, if the inspectors withhold or refuse their consent, with the approval of the Court.

Where surplus remains after claims paid

120.

Where there is a surplus after payment of the claims as provided in sections 113 to 119, it shall be applied in payment of interest from the date of the bankruptcy at the rate of 6 per cent per annum on all claims proved in the bankruptcy and according to their priority.

Final surplus to bankrupt

121.

The bankrupt or the legal personal representative of a deceased bankrupt is entitled to any surplus remaining after payment in full of his creditors with interest as provided by this Act and of the costs, charges and expenses of the bankruptcy proceedings.

Motor vehicle insurance

122.

Nothing in this Act affects the right of any person who has a claim against the bankrupt for damages on account of injury to or death of any person, or injury to property, occasioned by a motor vehicle, or on account of injury to property being carried in or on a motor vehicle, to have the proceeds of any liability insurance policy applied in or toward the satisfaction of the claim.

Supervisor’s levy

123.(1)

For the purpose of defraying the expenses of the supervision by the Supervisor, there shall be payable to the Supervisor for deposit with the Crown a levy on all payments made by the trustee by way of dividend or otherwise on account of the claims of creditors, whether unsecured, preferred or secured creditors, and including the Crown claiming in respect of taxes or otherwise.

(2)

The levy referred to in subsection (1) shall be 5 per cent of all payments and shall be charged proportionately against all payments and deducted from the payments by the trustee before payment is made.

Inspectors to declare dividends to ordinary unsecured creditors

124.(1)

Subject to the retention of such sums as may be necessary for the costs of administration or otherwise, the trustee shall, from time to time as required by the inspectors, declare and distribute dividends among the unsecured creditors entitled to dividends.

(2)

Where the validity of any claim filed with the trustee has not yet been determined, the trustee shall retain sufficient funds to provide for payment of the claim in the event that the claim is admitted.

(3)

No action for a dividend lies against the trustee, but, if the trustee refuses or fails to pay any dividend after having been directed to do so by the inspectors, the Court may, on the application of any creditor, order him to pay it, and also to pay personally interest on the dividend for the time that it is withheld as well as the costs of the application.

30-day notice to prove claims

125.(1)

The trustee may, after the first meeting of the creditors, give notice by registered mail to every person with a claim of which the trustee has notice or knowledge but whose claim has not been proved that if that person does not prove his claim within a period of 30 days after the mailing of the notice the trustee will proceed to declare a dividend or final dividend without regard to that person’s claim.

(2)

Where a person notified under subsection (1) does not prove the claim within the time limit or within such further time as the Court, on proof of merits and satisfactory explanation of the delay in making proof, may allow, the claim of that person shall, notwithstanding anything in this Act, be excluded from all share in any dividend, but a taxing authority may notify the trustee within the period referred to in subsection (1) that it proposes to file a claim as soon as the amount has been ascertained, and the time for filing the claim shall thereupon be extended to 3 months or such further time as the Court may allow.

(3)

Notwithstanding subsection (2), a claim may be filed for an amount payable under the Income Tax Act, Cap. 73 within the time limit referred to in subsection (2) or within 3 months from the time the return of income or other evidence of the facts on which the claim is based is filed or comes to the attention of the Crown.

(4)

Unless the trustee retains sufficient funds to provide for payment of any claims that may be filed under the Income Tax Act, Cap. 73, no dividend shall be declared until the expiration of 3 months after the trustee has filed all returns that the trustee is required to file.

Where claim proven after dividend declared

126.

A creditor who has not proved his claim before the declaration of any dividend is entitled on proof of his claim to be paid, out of any money for the time being in the hands of the trustee, any dividend or dividends he may have failed to receive before that money is applied to the payment of any future dividend, but he is not entitled to disturb the distribution of any dividend declared before his claim was proved for the reason that he has not participated in that dividend, except on such terms and conditions as may be ordered by the Court.

Final statement of receipts and disbursements to be prepared

127.

When the trustee has realized all the property of the bankrupt or all of that property that can, in the joint opinion of the trustee and of the inspectors, be realized without needlessly protracting the administration, and settled or determined or caused to be settled or determined the claims of all creditors to rank against the estate of the bankrupt, the trustee shall prepare a final statement of receipts and disbursements and dividend sheet and, subject to this Act, divide the property of the bankrupt among the creditors who have proved their claims.

Final statement to be complete account

128.(1)

The trustee’s final statement of receipts and disbursements shall contain a complete account of all monies received by the trustee out of the property of the bankrupt or otherwise, the amount of interest received by the trustee, all monies disbursed and expenses incurred and the remuneration claimed by the trustee, together with full particulars, description and value of all property of the bankrupt that has not been sold or realised, setting out the reason why the property has not been sold or realised and the disposition made thereof.

(2)

The statement referred to in subsection (1) shall be prepared in the prescribed form or as near thereto as the circumstances of the case will permit, and together with the dividend sheet shall be submitted to the inspectors for their approval.

(3)

The trustee shall forward a copy of the statement and dividend sheet to the Supervisor after they have been approved by the inspectors.

(4)

The Supervisor shall comment as he sees fit and his comments shall be placed by the trustee before the taxing officer for his consideration on the taxation of the accounts of the trustee.

(5)

After the Supervisor has commented on the taxation of the trustee’s accounts or advised the trustee that the Supervisor has no comments to make and the accounts of the trustee have been taxed, the trustee shall, in the prescribed manner, forward to every creditor whose claim has been proved, to the Registrar, to the Supervisor and to the bankrupt

(a)

a copy of the final statement of receipts and disbursements;

(b)

a copy of the dividend sheet; and

(c)

a notice in the prescribed form of his intention to pay a final dividend after the expiration of 15 days from the mailing of the notice, statement and dividend sheet and to apply to the Court for his discharge on a subsequent date not less than 30 days after the payment of the dividend.

(6)

No interested person is entitled to object to the final statement and the dividend sheet unless, prior to the expiration of the 15 days referred to in subsection (5)(c), that person files notice of his objection with the Registrar setting out his reasons for the objection and serves a copy of the notice on the trustee.

Dividends on joint and separate properties

129.

Where joint and separate properties are being administered, the dividends may be declared together, and the expenses of administering the properties shall be apportioned by the trustee.

Unclaimed dividends and undistributed funds

130.(1)

Before proceeding to discharge, the trustee shall forward to the Supervisor for deposit, as prescribed, the unclaimed dividends and undistributed funds that the trustee possesses, other than those exempted by the Bankruptcy Rules, and shall provide a list of names and the post office addresses, in so far as known, of the creditors entitled to the unclaimed dividends, showing the amount payable to each creditor.

(2)

The Supervisor shall, after receiving the dividends and funds and the list referred to in subsection (1), on application, pay to any creditor his proper dividend as shown on that list, and such payment has effect as if made by the trustee.

Provisions applying to summary administration

131.

The following provisions apply to the summary administration of estates under this Act:

(a)

all proceedings under this section shall be titled “Summary Administration”;

(b)

the security to be deposited by a trustee under section 185 shall not be required unless directed by the Supervisor;

(c)

a notice of the bankruptcy shall not be published in a local newspaper unless such publication is deemed expedient by the trustee or ordered by the Court;

(d)

all notices, statements and other documents shall be sent by ordinary mail;

(e)

a first meeting of the creditors

(i)

is required to be called by the trustee only if it is requested within 30 days after the date of the bankruptcy by the Supervisor or by creditors who have in the aggregate at least 25 per cent in value of the proven claims;

(ii)

must be called in the prescribed form and manner; and

(iii)

must be held within 21 days after being called;

(f)

there shall be no inspectors unless the creditors decide to appoint them and, if no inspectors are appointed, the trustee, in the absence of directions from the creditors, may do all things that may ordinarily be done by the trustee with the permission of the inspectors;

(g)

in such circumstances as may be specified by the Supervisor, the estates of individuals who, because of their relationship, could reasonably be dealt with as one estate may be dealt with as one estate;

(h)

in such circumstances as are specified by the Supervisor and with the approval of the Supervisor, the trustee may deposit all monies relating to the summary administration of estates in a single trust account;

(i)

a notice of bankruptcy and

(i)

a notice of impending automatic discharge of the bankrupt; or

(ii)

an application for discharge of the bankrupt

may be given in a single notice in the prescribed form;

(j)

notwithstanding section 128, the procedure respecting the accounts of the trustee, including the taxation of those accounts shall be as prescribed; and

(k)

notwithstanding section 210(1), (5) and (6), the procedure for the discharge of the trustee shall be as prescribed.

Remuneration in summary administration

132.

For the summary administration of estates, the trustee shall receive such fees and disbursements as may be prescribed.

Mutatis mutandis

133.

Except as provided in section 131, all provisions of this Act, in so far as they are applicable, apply with such modifications as the circumstances require to summary administration.

Trustee to counsel individual bankrupts

134.(1)

The trustee shall provide, or provide for, counselling for an individual bankrupt and his immediate family as prescribed, and the estate of the bankrupt shall pay the costs of the counselling, as costs of administration of the estate, according to the prescribed tariff.

(2)

Where counselling is provided by a trustee to a debtor who is not bankrupt, that counselling must be provided as prescribed.

(3)

Section 146(1)(g) does not apply to an individual bankrupt who has refused or neglected to receive counselling provided pursuant to subsection (1).

Duties of bankrupts

135.

A bankrupt shall

(a)

make discovery of and deliver all his property that is under his possession or control to the trustee or to any person authorised by the trustee to take possession of it or any part thereof;

(b)

deliver to the trustee, for cancellation, all credit cards issued to and in the possession or control of the bankrupt;

(c)

deliver to the trustee all books, records, documents, writings and papers including without restricting the generality of the foregoing, title papers, insurance policies and tax records and returns and copies thereof in any way relating to his property or affairs;

(d)

at such time and place as may be fixed by the Supervisor, attend upon the Supervisor for examination under oath with respect to his conduct, the causes of his bankruptcy and the disposition of his property;

(e)

within 5 days following the bankruptcy, unless the time is extended by the Supervisor, prepare and submit to the trustee a statement of the bankrupt’s affairs in the prescribed form verified by affidavit and showing

(i)

the particulars of the bankrupt’s assets and liabilities;

(ii)

the names and addresses of the bankrupt’s creditors;

(iii)

the securities held by them respectively;

(iv)

the dates when the securities were respectively given; and

(v)

such further or other information as may be required;

but where the affairs of the bankrupt are so involved or complicated that the bankrupt alone cannot reasonably prepare a proper statement of affairs, the Supervisor may, as an expense of the administration of the estate, authorise the employment of a qualified person to assist in the preparation of the statement;

(f)

make or give all the assistance within his power to the trustee in making an inventory of his assets;

(g)

make disclosure to the trustee

(i)

of all property disposed of within the period beginning on the day that is one year before the date of the initial bankruptcy event or beginning on such other antecedent date as the Court may direct, and ending on the date of the bankruptcy; and

(ii)

how and to whom and for what consideration any part of the property was disposed of except such part as had been disposed of in the ordinary manner of trade or used for reasonable personal expenses;

(h)

make disclosure to the trustee of all property disposed of by gift or settlement without adequate valuable consideration within the period beginning on the day that is 5 years before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date of the bankruptcy;

(i)

attend the first meeting of his creditors unless prevented by sickness or other sufficient cause and submit to examination;

(j)

when required, attend other meetings of his creditors or of the inspectors, or attend on the trustee;

(k)

submit to such other examinations under oath with respect to his property or affairs as may be required;

(l)

aid to the utmost of his power in the realization of his property and the distribution of the proceeds among his creditors;

(m)

execute such powers of attorney, conveyances, deeds and instruments as may be required;

(n)

examine the correctness of all proofs of claim filed, if required by the trustee;

(o)

in case any person has to his knowledge filed a false claim, disclose the fact immediately to the trustee;

(p)

inform the trustee of any material change in the bankrupt’s financial situation;

(q)

until his application for discharge has been disposed of and the administration of the estate completed, keep the trustee advised at all times of his place of residence or address;

(r)

generally do all such acts and things in relation to his property and the distribution of the proceeds among his creditors as may be reasonably required by the trustee, or may be prescribed by the Bankruptcy Rules, or may be directed by the Court by any special order made with reference to any particular case or made on the occasion of any special application by the trustee, or any creditor or person interested.

Bankrupt corporation

136.

Where a bankrupt is a corporation, the officer executing the assignment, or such officer of the corporation, or such person who has, or has had, directly or indirectly, control in fact of the corporation, as the Supervisor may specify shall attend before the Supervisor for examination and shall perform all of the duties imposed on a bankrupt by section 135, and, in case of failure to do so, the officer or person is punishable as though that officer or person were the bankrupt.

Imprisoned bankrupt

137.

Where a bankrupt is undergoing imprisonment, the Court may, in order to enable the bankrupt

(a)

to attend in Court in bankruptcy proceedings at which his personal presence is required;

(b)

to attend the first meeting of creditors; or

(c)

to perform the duties required of him under this Act,

direct that the bankrupt be brought before the Court in the protective custody of a Marshal or other duly authorised officer at such time and place as may be designated; or the Court may make such other order as it deems proper and requisite in the circumstances.

Examination of bankrupt by Supervisor

138.(1)

Before the discharge of a bankrupt, the Supervisor may, on the attendance of the bankrupt, examine the bankrupt under oath with respect to the conduct of the bankrupt, the causes of the bankruptcy and the disposition of the bankrupt’s property, and shall put to the bankrupt questions as the Supervisor may see fit.

(2)

The Supervisor shall make notes of an examination made under subsection (1) and shall forward a copy of the notes to the trustee and the Court for deposit therein.

(3)

Where the examination under subsection (1) is held

(a)

before the first meeting of creditors, the notes shall be communicated to the creditors at the meeting; or

(b)

after the first meeting of creditors, the notes shall be made available to any creditor who requests them.

(4)

Where a bankrupt fails to present himself for examination by the Supervisor, the Supervisor shall report the failure to the trustee.

Investigation by Supervisor regarding bankrupt

139.(1)

The Supervisor may make or cause to be made any inquiry or investigation that may be deemed necessary in respect of the conduct of the bankrupt, the causes of his bankruptcy, and the disposition of his property, and the Supervisor shall report the findings on any such inquiry or investigation to the trustee and to the Court.

(2)

Where pursuant to subsection (1) an inquiry or investigation is made by the Supervisor, the Supervisor shall, out of the monies appropriated by Parliament to defray the expenses of the office of the Supervisor, pay such reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with the inquiry or investigation, not being ordinary costs or expenses of his office.

(3)

Section 141 applies in respect of an inquiry or investigation under subsection (1).

Trustee may examine bankrupt and others

140.(1)

The trustee, on ordinary resolution passed by the creditors or on the written request or resolution of a majority of the inspectors, may, without an order, examine under oath before the Registrar or other authorised person, the bankrupt, any person reasonably thought to have knowledge of the affairs of the bankrupt or any person who is or has been an agent, clerk, servant, officer, director or employee of the bankrupt, respecting the bankrupt, his dealings or property, and may order any person liable to be so examined to produce any books, documents, correspondence or papers in his possession or power relating in whole or in part to the bankrupt, his dealings or property.

(2)

On the application to the Court by the Supervisor, any creditor or other interested person and on sufficient cause being shown, the Court may make an order for the examination under oath, before the Registrar or other authorised person, of

(a)

the trustee;

(b)

the bankrupt;

(c)

an inspector or a creditor; or

(d)

any other person named in the order

for the purpose of investigating the administration of the estate of any bankrupt, and may further order any person liable to be so examined to produce any books, documents, correspondence or papers in the person’s possession or power relating in whole or in part to the bankrupt, the trustee or any creditor, the costs of the examination and investigation to be in the discretion of the Court.

(3)

The evidence of any person examined under this section shall, if transcribed, be filed in the Court and may be read in any proceedings before the Court under this Act and to which the person examined is a party.

Trustee may require delivery of property of bankrupt and production of books and records

141.(1)

Where a person has, or is believed or suspected to have, in his possession or power any of the property of the bankrupt, or any book, document or paper of any kind relating in whole or in part to the bankrupt, his dealings or property, or showing that he is indebted to the bankrupt, he may be required by the trustee to produce the book, document or paper for the information of the trustee, or to deliver to him any property of the bankrupt in his possession.

(2)

Where a person fails to produce a book, document or paper or to deliver property as required by this section within 5 days after being required to do so, the trustee may, without an order, examine the person before the Registrar or other authorised person concerning the property, book, document or paper that the person is supposed to possess.

(3)

Any person referred to in subsection (1) may be compelled to attend and testify, and to produce on his examination any book, document or paper that under this section he is liable to produce, in the same manner and subject to the same rules of examination, and the same consequences of neglecting to attend or refusing to disclose the matters in respect of which he may be examined, as would apply to a bankrupt.

Where person may be ordered by Court to pay trustee

142.(1)

Where a person on examination admits that he is indebted to the bankrupt, the Court may, on the application of the trustee, order him to pay to the trustee, at such time and in such manner as to the Court seems expedient, the amount admitted or any part of the amount either in full discharge of the whole amount in question or not, as the Court thinks fit, with or without costs of the examination.

(2)

Where any person on examination admits that he has in his possession any property belonging to the bankrupt, the Court may, on the application of the trustee, order him to deliver to the trustee the property or any part of the property at such time, in such manner and on such terms as to the Court may seem just.

Issue of warrant for apprehension and examination of persons

143.

Where the bankrupt fails to present himself for examination before the Supervisor as required by section 135(d) or where he or any other person is served with an appointment or summons to attend for any examination but refuses or neglects to attend as required by the appointment or summons, the Court may, on the application of the trustee, by warrant cause the bankrupt or other person so in default to be apprehended and brought up for examination.

Examination by Court

144.(1)

Any person being examined is bound to answer all questions relating to the business or property of the bankrupt, to the causes of his bankruptcy and the disposition of his property.

(2)

The Court may order that any person who, if in Barbados, would be liable to be brought before the Court for any examination under this Act, shall be examined in any place out of Barbados.

Court order for arrest of bankrupt

145.(1)

The Court may by warrant cause a bankrupt to be arrested and detained, and any books, papers and property in his possession to be seized, and the books, papers, electronic documents and property to be safely kept as directed until such time as the Court may order, under the following circumstances:

(a)

where, after the filing of a bankruptcy petition against the bankrupt, it appears to the Court that there are grounds for believing that he has absconded or is about to abscond from Barbados with a view

(i)

to avoiding payment of the debt in respect of which the bankruptcy petition was filed;

(ii)

to avoiding appearance to any such petition;

(iii)

to avoiding examination in respect of his affairs; or

(iv)

to otherwise avoiding, delaying or embarrassing proceedings in bankruptcy against him;

(b)

where, after making an assignment, it appears to the Court that there are grounds for believing that the bankrupt has absconded or is about to abscond from Barbados with a view to avoiding payment of his debts or to avoiding examination in respect of his affairs;

(c)

where, after the filing of a bankruptcy petition or an assignment, it appears to the Court there are reasonable grounds for believing that the debtor

(i)

is about to remove his property with a view to preventing or delaying possession being taken of the property by the trustee; or

(ii)

has concealed or is about to conceal or destroy any of his property or any books, documents or writings that might be of use to the trustee or to his creditors in the course of the bankruptcy proceedings;

(d)

where the bankrupt removes any property in his possession above the value of $50 without leave of the Court or the trustee; or

(e)

where after the commencement of proceedings under this Act, the bankrupt has failed to obey an order of the Court.

(2)

No payment or proposal made or security given after arrest made under this section is exempt from the provisions of this Act relating to fraudulent preferences.

Automatic discharge of first-time individual bankrupt

146.(1)

Except as provided in subsection (2), the following provisions apply in respect of an individual who has never before been bankrupt under the laws of Barbados or any prescribed jurisdiction:

(a)

the trustee shall, before the expiration of the 8-month period immediately following the date on which a receiving order is made against, or an assignment is made by, the individual bankrupt, file a report prepared under section 148(1) with the Supervisor and send a copy of the report to the bankrupt and to each creditor who requested a copy;

(b)

the trustee shall, not less than 15 days before the date of automatic discharge provided for in paragraph (g), give notice of the impending discharge, in the prescribed form, to the Supervisor, the bankrupt and every creditor who has proved a claim, at the creditor’s last-known address;

(c)

where the Supervisor intends to oppose the discharge of the bankrupt, the Supervisor shall give notice of the intended opposition, stating the grounds for the opposition, to the trustee and to the bankrupt at any time prior to the expiration of the 9-month period immediately following the bankruptcy;

(d)

where a creditor intends to oppose the discharge of the bankrupt, the creditor shall give notice of the intended opposition, stating the grounds for the opposition, to the Supervisor, to the trustee and to the bankrupt at any time prior to the expiration of the 9-month period immediately following the bankruptcy;

(e)

where the trustee intends to oppose the discharge of the bankrupt, the trustee shall give notice of the intended opposition in prescribed form and manner, stating the grounds for the opposition, to the bankrupt and the Supervisor at any time prior to the expiration of the 9-month period immediately following the bankruptcy;

(f)

where the Supervisor, the trustee or a creditor opposes the discharge of the bankrupt, the trustee shall, unless the matter is to be dealt with by mediation under section 149, forthwith apply to the Court for an appointment for the hearing of the opposition in the manner referred to in sections 147 to 154, which hearing shall be held

(i)

within 30 days after the day the appointment is made; or

(ii)

at such later time as may be fixed by the Court at the request of the bankrupt or the trustee; and

(g)

where the Supervisor, the trustee or a creditor has not opposed the discharge of the bankrupt in the 9-month period immediately following the bankruptcy, then, subject to section 134(3),

(i)

on the expiration of that 9-month period, the bankrupt is automatically discharged; and

(ii)

forthwith after the expiration of that 9-month period, the trustee shall issue a certificate to the discharged bankrupt, in the prescribed form, declaring that the bankrupt is discharged and is released from all debts except those matters referred to in section 209(1), and shall send a copy of the certificate to the Supervisor.

(2)

Nothing in subsection (1) precludes an individual bankrupt from applying to the Court for discharge before the expiration of the 9-month period immediately following the bankruptcy, and subsection (1) ceases to apply to an individual bankrupt who makes the application before the expiration of that period.

(3)

The provisions of this Act concerning the discharge of bankrupts apply in respect of an individual bankrupt who has never before been bankrupt under the laws of Barbados or of any prescribed jurisdiction, to the extent that those provisions are not inconsistent with this section, whether or not the bankrupt applies to the Court for a discharge referred to in subsection (2).

(4)

An automatic discharge by virtue of paragraph (1)(g) is deemed, for all purposes, to be an absolute and immediate order of discharge.

Bankruptcy of an individual operates as an application for discharge

147.(1)

Subject to section 146, the making of a receiving order against, or an assignment by, any person except a corporation operates as an application for discharge, unless the bankrupt, by notice in writing, files in the Court and serves on the trustee a waiver of application before being served by the trustee with a notice of the trustee’s intention to apply to the Court for an appointment for the hearing of the application as provided in this section.

(2)

The trustee, before proceeding to the discharge and in any case not earlier than 3 months and not later than one year following the bankruptcy of any person who has not served a notice of waiver on the trustee, shall on 5 days notice to the bankrupt apply to the Court for an appointment for a hearing of the application on a date not more than 30 days after the date of the appointment or at such other time as may be fixed by the Court at the request of the bankrupt or trustee.

(3)

A bankrupt who has given a notice of waiver as provided in subsection (1) may, at any time at the bankrupt’s own expense, apply for a discharge by obtaining from the Court an appointment for a hearing, which shall be served on the trustee not less than 21 days before the date fixed for the hearing of the application, and the trustee on being served therewith shall proceed as provided in this section.

(4)

A bankrupt corporation may not apply for a discharge unless it has satisfied the claims of its creditors in full.

(5)

The Court may, before issuing an appointment for hearing on application for discharge, if requested by the trustee, require such funds to be deposited with, or such guarantee to be given to, the trustee, as it deems proper, for the payment of the fees and disbursements incurred in respect of the application.

(6)

The trustee, on obtaining or being served with an appointment for hearing on application for discharge, shall, not less than 14 days before the day appointed for the hearing of the application, send a notice of the application in the prescribed form to the Supervisor, the bankrupt and every creditor who has proved a claim, at the creditor’s last known address.

(7)

Where the trustee is not available to perform the duties required of a trustee on the application of a bankrupt for a discharge, the Court may authorise any other person to perform such duties and may give such directions as it deems necessary to enable the application of the bankrupt to be brought before the Court.

Trustee to prepare report of application of bankrupt for discharge

148.(1)

The trustee shall prepare a report in the prescribed form with respect to

(a)

the affairs of the bankrupt;

(b)

the causes of his bankruptcy;

(c)

the manner in which the bankrupt has performed the duties imposed on him under this Act or obeyed the orders of the Court;

(d)

the conduct of the bankrupt both before and after the date of the initial bankruptcy event;

(e)

whether the bankrupt has been convicted of any offence under this Act; and

(f)

any other fact, matter or circumstance that would justify the Court in refusing an unconditional order of discharge,

and the report shall be accompanied by a resolution of the inspectors declaring whether or not they approve or disapprove of the report, and in the latter case, the reasons of the disapproval shall be given.

(2)

Where an application of a bankrupt for a discharge is pending, the trustee shall file the report prepared under subsection (1) in the Court not less than 2 days, and forward a copy to the Supervisor, to the bankrupt and to each creditor who requested a copy not less than 10 days, before the day appointed for hearing the application, and in all other cases the trustee, before proceeding to the discharge, shall file the report in the Court and forward a copy to the Supervisor.

(3)

The Supervisor may make such further or other report to the Court as he deems expedient or as in his opinion ought to be before the Court on the application referred to in subsection (2).

(4)

The trustee or any creditor may attend the Court and be heard in person or by counsel.

(5)

For the purposes of the application referred to in subsection (2), the report of the trustee is evidence of the statements contained in the report.

(6)

Where a bankrupt intends to dispute any statement contained in the trustee’s report prepared under subsection (1), the bankrupt shall at or before the time appointed for hearing the application for discharge give notice in writing to the trustee specifying the statements in the report that he proposes at the hearing to dispute.

(7)

A creditor who intends to oppose the discharge of a bankrupt on grounds other than those mentioned in the trustee’s report shall give notice of the intended opposition, stating the grounds of the opposition to the trustee and to the bankrupt at or before the time appointed for the hearing of the application for discharge.

Trustee’s report to provide recommendation

149.(1)

The report prepared under section 148(1) shall include a recommendation as to whether or not the bankrupt should be discharged subject to conditions, having regard to the bankrupt’s conduct and ability to make payments.

(2)

The trustee shall consider the following matters in making a recommendation under subsection (1):

(a)

whether the bankrupt has complied with a requirement imposed on the bankrupt under section 39;

(b)

the total amount paid to the estate by the bankrupt, having regard to the bankrupt’s indebtedness and financial resources; and

(c)

whether the bankrupt, where the bankrupt could have made a viable proposal, chose to proceed to bankruptcy rather than to make a proposal as the means to resolve the indebtedness.

(3)

A recommendation that the bankrupt be discharged subject to conditions is deemed to be an opposition to the discharge of the bankrupt.

(4)

Where the bankrupt does not agree with the recommendation of the trustee, the bankrupt may, before the expiration of the ninth month after the date of the bankruptcy, send the trustee a request in writing to have the matter determined by mediation.

(5)

Where a request for mediation has been made under subsection (4) or the discharge of the bankrupt is opposed by a creditor or the trustee in whole or in part on a ground referred to in section 151(m) or (n), the trustee shall send an application for mediation in the prescribed form to the Supervisor within 5 days after the expiration of the 9-month period referred to in subsection (4) or within such further time as the Supervisor may allow.

(6)

A mediation shall be in accordance with prescribed procedures.

(7)

Where the issues submitted to mediation are not resolved by mediation or the bankrupt has failed to comply with conditions that were established by the trustee or as a result of mediation, the trustee shall forthwith apply to the Court for an appointment for the hearing of the matter, which hearing shall be held

(a)

within 30 days after the day the appointment is made; or

(b)

at such later time as may be fixed by the Court;

and the provisions of this Part in respect of applications to the Court under this subsection in relation to the discharge of a bankrupt apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require.

(8)

Where the bankrupt complies with the conditions imposed on the bankrupt by the trustee in relation to the discharge of the bankrupt or as a result of mediation referred to in this section, the trustee shall

(a)

issue to the bankrupt a certificate of discharge in the prescribed form releasing the bankrupt from all debts other than a debt referred to in section 156(1); and

(b)

send a copy of the certificate of discharge to the Supervisor.

(9)

Documents contained in a file on the mediation of a matter under this section form part of the records referred to in section 9(2).

Powers of Court in relation to discharge

150.(1)

On the hearing of an application of a bankrupt for a discharge, the Court may put such questions to the debtor and receive such evidence as it thinks fit.

(2)

On the hearing of an application of a bankrupt for a discharge, the Court may either grant or refuse an absolute order of discharge or suspend the operation of the order for a specified time, or grant an order of discharge subject to any terms or conditions with respect to any earnings or income that may afterwards become due to the bankrupt or with respect to his after-acquired property.

(3)

The Court shall on proof of any of the facts mentioned in section 151

(a)

refuse the discharge of a bankrupt;

(b)

suspend the discharge for such period as the Court thinks proper; or

(c)

require the bankrupt, as a condition of his discharge, to perform such acts, pay such monies, consent to such judgments, or comply with such other terms, as the Court may direct.

(4)

Where at any time after the expiration of one year after the date of any order made under this section the bankrupt satisfies the Court that there is no reasonable probability of his being in a position to comply with the terms of the order, the Court may modify the terms of the order or of any substituted order, in such manner and on such conditions as it may think fit.

(5)

The powers of suspending and of attaching conditions to the discharge of a bankrupt may be exercised concurrently.

Facts relevant to discharge

151.

The facts referred to in section 150 are

(a)

the assets of the bankrupt are not of a value equal to 33 and one-third cents on the dollar on the amount of the bankrupt’s unsecured liabilities, unless the bankrupt satisfies the Court that the fact the assets are not of that value has arisen from circumstances for which the bankrupt cannot justly be held responsible;

(b)

the bankrupt has omitted to keep such books of account as are usual and proper in the business carried on by the bankrupt and as sufficiently disclose the business transactions and financial position of the bankrupt within the 3 years before the date of the initial bankruptcy event;

(c)

the bankrupt has continued to trade after becoming aware of being insolvent;

(d)

the bankrupt has failed to account satisfactorily for any loss of assets or for any deficiency of assets to meet the bankrupt’s liabilities;

(e)

the bankrupt has brought on, or contributed to, the bankruptcy by rash and hazardous speculations, by unjustifiable extravagance in living, by gambling or by culpable neglect of the bankrupt’s business affairs;

(f)

the bankrupt has put any of the bankrupt’s creditors to unnecessary expense by a frivolous or vexatious defence to any action properly brought against the bankrupt;

(g)

the bankrupt has, within the period beginning on the day that is 3 months before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date of the bankruptcy, incurred unjustifiable expense by bringing a frivolous or vexatious action;

(h)

the bankrupt has, within the period beginning on the day that is 3 months before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date of the bankruptcy, when unable to pay debts as they became due, given an undue preference to any of the bankrupt’s creditors;

(i)

the bankrupt has, within the period beginning on the day that is 3 months before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date of the bankruptcy, incurred liabilities in order to make the bankrupt’s assets equal to 33 and one-third cents on the dollar on the amount of the bankrupt’s unsecured liabilities;

(j)

the bankrupt has on any previous occasion been bankrupt or made a proposal to creditors;

(k)

the bankrupt has been guilty of any fraud or fraudulent breach of trust;

(l)

the bankrupt has committed any offence under this Act or any other statute in connection with the bankrupt’s property, the bankruptcy or the proceedings under the bankruptcy;

(m)

the bankrupt has failed to comply with a requirement to pay imposed under section 39;

(n)

the bankrupt, if the bankrupt could have made a viable proposal, chose bankruptcy rather than a proposal to creditors as the means to resolve the indebtedness; and

(o)

the bankrupt has failed to perform the duties imposed on the bankrupt under this Act or to comply with any order of the Court.

Value of bankrupt’s assets

152.

For purposes of section 151, the assets of a bankrupt shall be deemed of a value equal to 33 and one-third cents on the dollar on the amount of his unsecured liabilities when the Court is satisfied that the property of the bankrupt has realised, is likely to realize or, with due care in realisation, might have realised an amount equal to 33 and one-third cents on the dollar on his unsecured liabilities.

Cessation of any statutory disqualification

153.(1)

A statutory disqualification on account of bankruptcy ceases when the bankrupt is discharged and obtains from the Court a certificate to the effect that the bankruptcy was caused by misfortune without any misconduct on his part.

(2)

The Court may, if it thinks fit, grant a certificate mentioned in subsection (1), and a refusal to grant such a certificate is subject to appeal.

Bankrupt to report to trustee and Court

154.(1)

Where an order is granted on terms or conditions or on the bankrupt consenting to judgment, the bankrupt shall, until the terms or conditions are met or the judgement is satisfied,

(a)

give the trustee such information as he may require with respect to his earnings and after-acquired property and income; and

(b)

not less than once each year file in the Court and with the trustee a statement verified under oath showing the particulars of any property or income he may have acquired subsequent to the order for his discharge;

and the trustee or any creditor may require the bankrupt to attend for examination under oath with respect to the facts contained in the statement or with respect to his earnings, income, after-acquired property or dealings.

(2)

Where the bankrupt fails to give information or to file a statement as required by subsection (1), to attend for examination when required to do so or to answer all questions fully and accurately with respect to his earnings, income, after-acquired property or dealings, the Court may on the application of the trustee or of any creditor revoke the order of discharge.

(3)

Where a conditional order of discharge of a bankrupt is made providing for payment of a further dividend or sum of money by the bankrupt, all payments on account in respect of the dividend or sum of money shall be made to the trustee for distribution to the creditors.

Court may consider effects of settlement before marriage

155.

Where

(a)

a settlement is made before and in consideration of marriage and the settlor is not at the time of making the settlement able to pay all his debts without the aid of the property comprised in the settlement; or

(b)

any covenant or contract is made in consideration of marriage for the future settlement on or for the settlor’s spouse or children of any property the settlor had not at the date of marriage any estate or interest, not being property of or in right of his or her spouse,

if the settlor becomes bankrupt and it appears to the Court that the settlement, covenant or contract was made in order to defeat or delay his creditors, or was unjustifiable having regard to the state of the settlor’s affairs at the time when it was made, the Court may refuse or suspend an order of discharge or grant an order subject to conditions in like manner as in cases where the bankrupt has been guilty of fraud.

Debts not released by order of discharge

156.(1)

An order of discharge does not release the bankrupt from

(a)

any fine, penalty, restitution order or other order similar in nature to a fine, penalty or restitution order imposed by a court in respect of an offence, or any debt arising out of a recognisance or bail;

(b)

any award of damages by a court in civil proceedings in respect of

(i)

bodily harm intentionally inflicted, or sexual assault; or

(ii)

wrongful death resulting from the bodily harm or sexual assault referred to in sub-paragraph (1);

(c)

any debt or liability for maintenance of the spouse of the bankrupt;

(d)

any debt or liability under a support, maintenance or affiliation order or under an agreement for maintenance and support of a spouse or child living apart from the bankrupt;

(e)

any debt or liability arising out of fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation or defalcation while acting in a fiduciary capacity;

(f)

any debt or liability for obtaining property by false pretences or fraudulent misrepresentation;

(g)

liability for the dividend that a creditor would have been entitled to receive on any provable claim not disclosed to the trustee, unless the creditor had notice or knowledge of the bankruptcy and failed to take reasonable action to prove his claim; or

(h)

any debt for interest owed in relation to an amount referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (g).

(2)

Subject to subsection (1), an order of discharge releases the bankrupt from all claims provable in bankruptcy.

Third parties not released

157.

An order of discharge does not release a person who at the date of the bankruptcy was a partner or co-trustee with the bankrupt or was jointly bound or had made a joint contract with the bankrupt, or a person who was surety or in the nature of a surety for the bankrupt.

Court may annul discharge

158.(1)

Where a bankrupt after his discharge fails to perform the duties imposed on him by this Act, the Court may, on application, annul his discharge.

(2)

Where it appears to the Court that the discharge of a bankrupt was obtained by fraud, the Court may, on application, annul his discharge.

(3)

An order revoking or annulling the discharge of a bankrupt does not prejudice the validity of a sale, disposition of property, payment made or thing duly done before the revocation or annulment of the discharge.

Court may annul bankruptcy

159.(1)

Where in the opinion of the Court a receiving order ought not to have been made or an assignment ought not to have been filed, the Court may by order annul the bankruptcy.

(2)

Where an order is made under subsection (1), all sales, dispositions of property, payments duly made and acts done theretofore by the trustee or other person acting under his authority, or by the Court, are valid, but the property of the bankrupt shall vest in such person as the Court may appoint or, in default of that appointment, without any conveyance or assignment whatever revert to and revest in the debtor for all his estate and interest in the property upon such terms and subject to such conditions, if any, as the Court may order.

Issuance of orders to be delayed

160.

An order of discharge or annulment shall be dated on the day on which it is made, but it shall not be issued or delivered until the expiration of the time allowed for an appeal, and, if an appeal is entered, not until the appeal has been finally disposed of.

Appointment of Supervisor

161.(1)

For the purposes of this Act, there shall be a Supervisor of Insolvency, who shall be responsible to the Minister for the general administration of this Act and whose office shall be a public office.

(2)

The Supervisor shall supervise the administration of all estates and matters to which this Act applies.

(3)

The Supervisor shall, without limiting the authority conferred by subsection (2),

(a)

receive applications for licences to act as trustees under this Act and issue licences to persons whose applications have been approved;

(b)

where not otherwise provided for, require the deposit of one or more continuing guaranty bonds as security for the due accounting of all property received by trustees and for the due and faithful performance by them of their duties in the administration of estates to which they are appointed, in such amount as the Supervisor may determine, and

(i)

which amount may be increased or decreased as he may deem expedient;

(ii)

the security shall be in a form satisfactory to the Supervisor;

(iii)

may be enforced by the Supervisor for the benefit of the creditors;

(c)

from time to time make or cause to be made such inspection or investigation of estates or other matters to which this Act applies, including the conduct of a trustee or a trustee acting as a receiver or interim receiver, as the Supervisor may deem expedient and for the purpose of the inspection or investigation the Supervisor or any person appointed by the Supervisor for the purpose shall have access to and the right to examine and make copies of all books and records pertaining or relating to any estate or other matter to which this Act applies;

(d)

receive and keep a record of all complaints from any creditor or other person interested in any estate and make such specific investigations with regard to such complaints as the Supervisor may determine; and

(e)

examine trustees’ accounts of receipts and disbursements and final statements.

(4)

The Supervisor may intervene in any matter or proceeding in Court, where the Supervisor considers it expedient to do so, as if the Supervisor were a party to the matter or proceedings.

Access to trustee’s accounts

162.(1)

The Supervisor, or anyone duly authorized by him in writing on his behalf, is entitled to have access to and to examine and make copies of the banking accounts of a trustee in which estate funds may have been deposited, and, when required, all deposit slips, cancelled cheques or other documents relating to the banking accounts in the custody of the bank or the trustee shall be produced for examination.

(2)

The Supervisor, or anyone duly authorised in writing by or on behalf of the Supervisor, may with the leave of the Court granted on an ex parte application examine the books, records and deposit accounts of a trustee or any other person designated in the order granting that leave for the purpose of tracing or discovering the property or funds of an estate when there are reasonable grounds to believe or suspect that the property or funds of an estate have not been properly disclosed or dealt with and for that purpose may under a warrant from the Court enter on and search any premises.

(3)

Where the Supervisor, on ex parte application, satisfies the Court that it is necessary and in the public interest to do so, the Court may issue an order directing a deposit-taking institution that holds a deposit account of a trustee or such other person as is designated in the order not to make payments out of the account until such time as the Court otherwise directs.

Suspected offences

163.(1)

Where, on information supplied by a trustee or other person, the Supervisor suspects on reasonable grounds that a person has, in connection with any estate or matter to which this Act applies, committed an offence under this Act or any other Act, the Supervisor may, if it appears to the Supervisor that the alleged offence might not otherwise be investigated, make or cause to be made such enquiries or investigations as the Supervisor deems expedient with respect to

(a)

the conduct, dealings and transactions of the debtor concerned;

(b)

the causes of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the debtor; and

(c)

the disposition of the property of the debtor.

(2)

Where, on the application of the Supervisor or the Supervisor’s authorised representative, a subpoena has been issued by the Court, the Supervisor may, for the purpose of an investigation under subsection (1), examine or cause to be examined under oath before the Registrar or other authorised person

(a)

the debtor;

(b)

any person the Supervisor suspects, on reasonable grounds, has knowledge of the affairs of the debtor; or

(c)

any person who is or has been an agent, clerk, servant, officer, director, or employee of the debtor,

with respect to

(i)

the conduct, dealings, and transactions of the debtor;

(ii)

the causes of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the debtor; and

(iii)

the disposition of the property of the debtor,

and may order any person liable to be so examined to produce any books and records in the person’s possession or under his control relating to the debtor and the conduct, dealings and transactions of the debtor or the disposition of the debtor’s property.

(3)

A person being examined pursuant to this section is bound to answer all questions relating to the conduct, dealings and transactions of the debtor, the causes of the debtor’s bankruptcy or insolvency and the disposition of the debtor’s property.

(4)

A statement or admission made by any person in any compulsory examination or deposition before the Court on the hearing of any matter in bankruptcy shall not be admissible as evidence against that person in any proceeding in respect of any offence against the Theft Act, Cap. 155.

(5)

No person shall hinder, molest or interfere with any person doing anything that he is authorised by or pursuant to this section to do, or prevent or attempt to prevent any person doing any such thing, and, notwithstanding any other Act or law, every person shall, unless he is unable to do so, do everything he is required by or pursuant to this section to do.

(6)

Where any book or record is examined or produced in accordance with this section, the person by whom it is examined or to whom it is produced or the Supervisor may make or cause to be made one or more copies thereof, and a document purporting to be certified by the Supervisor or a person authorised by the Supervisor to be a copy made pursuant to this section is admissible in evidence and has the same probative force as the original document would have if it were proven in the ordinary way.

(7)

Notwithstanding section 113, a recovery made as the result of any inquiries or investigation made or caused to be made pursuant to this section shall be applied to the reimbursement of any costs and expenses incurred by the Supervisor on the recovery, not being ordinary costs or expenses of the office of the Supervisor, and the balance remaining in respect of the recovery shall be made available for the benefit of the creditors of the debtor.

Maintenance of public records

164.(1)

The Supervisor shall keep, or shall cause to be kept, in such form as the Supervisor deems appropriate and for the prescribed period, a public record of

(a)

proposals;

(b)

bankruptcies;

(c)

licences issued to trustees by the Supervisor; and

(d)

notices sent to the Supervisor by receivers pursuant to section 10C,

and, on request for the records and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, shall provide, or cause to be provided, any information contained in that public record.

(2)

The Supervisor shall keep, or cause to be kept, in such form as the Supervisor deems appropriate and for the prescribed period, such other records relating to the administration of this Act as the Supervisor deems necessary.

Applications for licence as trustee

165.(1)

A person who wishes to obtain a licence to act as a trustee shall file with the Supervisor an application for a licence in the prescribed form.

(2)

The Supervisor, after such investigation concerning an applicant for a licence to act as a trustee as the Supervisor considers necessary, may issue the licence if the Supervisor having regard to the qualifications prescribed is satisfied that the applicant is qualified to obtain the licence.

Form of licence

166.

A licence shall be in the prescribed form and shall be subject to such conditions and limitations as are specified by the Supervisor in the licence.

Payment of fees

167.(1)

Prior to the issue of a licence, the applicant shall pay such fees as may be prescribed.

(2)

On the 31st day of December following the day on which a licence is issued, and on the 31st day of December in each year thereafter, the trustee shall pay such fees as may be prescribed.

(3)

A licence ceases to be valid

(a)

on the failure of the trustee to pay a fee in accordance with subsection (2); or

(b)

if the trustee becomes bankrupt.

(4)

Where a licence has ceased to be valid by reason of

(a)

failure to pay fees, the Supervisor may reinstate the trustee where the trustee pays the outstanding fees together with any penalty amount prescribed and provides a reasonable written explanation of the failure to pay the fees in accordance with subsection (2); or

(b)

the trustee becoming bankrupt, the Supervisor may, on written representations made by the trustee, reinstate the licence subject to such conditions and limitations as the Supervisor considers appropriate and may specify in that licence.

(5)

A licence may be suspended or cancelled by the Supervisor where

(a)

the trustee is convicted of an indictable offence;

(b)

the trustee has failed to comply with any of the conditions or limitations to which the licence is subject;

(c)

the trustee has ceased to act as a trustee; or

(d)

the trustee so requests.

(6)

Notice of an intended decision under subsection (5) shall be in writing setting out the reasons of the Supervisor for the decision and shall be sent to the trustee at least 10 days before the decision takes effect.

(7)

Where a licence ceases to be valid by virtue of subsection (3) or is suspended or cancelled under subsection (5), the Supervisor may impose on the trustee such requirements as the Supervisor considers appropriate, including a requirement that the trustee deposit security for the protection of an estate.

(8)

For the avoidance of doubt, section 174 does not apply in respect of a suspension or cancellation of a licence under subsection (5).

Trustee prohibited from acting in specified circumstances

168.(1)

Except with the permission of the Court and on such conditions as the Court may impose, no trustee shall act as trustee in relation to the estate of a debtor

(a)

where the trustee is, or at any time during the 2 preceding years was

(i)

a director or officer of the debtor;

(ii)

an employer or employee of the debtor or of a director or officer of the debtor;

(iii)

related to the debtor or to any director or officer of the debtor; or

(iv)

the auditor, accountant or attorney, or a partner or employee of the auditor, accountant or attorney, of the debtor; or

(b)

where the trustee is

(i)

the trustee under a trust indenture issued by the debtor or any person related to the debtor; or

(ii)

related to the trustee under a trust indenture referred to in sub-paragraph (i).

(2)

No trustee shall act as a trustee in relation to the estate of a debtor where the trustee is already

(a)

the trustee in the bankruptcy of, or in a proposal concerning, any person related to the debtor; or

(b)

the receiver or the liquidator of the property of any person related to the debtor,

without making, at the time of being appointed as trustee in relation to the estate of the debtor and at the first meeting of creditors, full disclosure of that fact and of the potential conflict of interest.

Independent legal opinion

169.(1)

No trustee shall, while acting as the trustee of an estate, act for or assist a secured creditor of the estate to assert any claim against the estate or to realize or otherwise deal with the security that the secured creditor holds, unless the trustee has obtained a written opinion of an attorney who does not act for the secured creditor that the security is valid and enforceable as against the estate.

(2)

On commencing to act for or assist a secured creditor of the estate in the manner set out in subsection (1), a trustee shall notify forthwith the Supervisor and the creditors or the inspectors

(a)

that the trustee is acting for the secured creditor;

(b)

of the basis of any remuneration paid by the secured creditor; and

(c)

of the opinion referred to in subsection (1).

(3)

Within 2 days after receiving a request for a copy of the opinion referred to in subsection (1), a trustee shall provide the Supervisor with that copy and shall also provide a copy to each creditor who has made a request for a copy.

Code of ethics

170.

A trustee shall comply with such code of ethics respecting the conduct of trustees as may be prescribed.

Cancelled licences

171.

A trustee shall not engage the services of a person whose trustee licence has been cancelled under paragraph (a) of section 167(5) or subsection 173(1).

Appointment or substitution of trustee by creditors

172.

The creditors may, at any meeting by special resolution, appoint or substitute another licensed trustee for the trustee named in an assignment, receiving order or proposal, or otherwise appointed or substituted.

Rights of Supervisor where questionable trustee conduct

173.(1)

Where, after making an investigation into the conduct of a trustee, it appears to the Supervisor that

(a)

a trustee has not properly performed the duties of a trustee or has been guilty of any improper management of an estate;

(b)

a trustee has not fully complied with this Act, the Bankruptcy Rules or any law with regard to the proper administration of any estate; or

(c)

it is in the public interest to do so,

the Supervisor may do one or more of the following:

(i)

cancel or suspend the licence of the trustee;

(ii)

place such conditions or limitations on the licence as the Supervisor considers appropriate including a requirement that the trustee successfully take an examination or enrol in a proficiency course; and

(iii)

require the trustee to make restitution to the estate of such amount of money as the estate has been deprived of as a result of the trustee’s conduct.

(2)

This section and section 174 apply, in so far as they are applicable, in respect of former trustees, with such modifications as the circumstances require.

Notice to trustee

174.(1)

Where the Supervisor intends to exercise any of the powers referred to in subsection 173(1), the Supervisor shall send the trustee written notice of the powers that the Supervisor intends to exercise and the reasons therefor and afford the trustee a reasonable opportunity for a hearing.

(2)

At a hearing referred to in subsection (1), the Supervisor

(a)

has power to administer oaths;

(b)

is not bound by any legal or technical rules of evidence in conducting the hearing;

(c)

shall deal with the matters set out in the notice of the hearing as informally and as expeditiously as the circumstances and a consideration of fairness permit; and

(d)

shall cause a summary of any oral evidence to be made in writing.

(3)

The notice referred to in subsection (1) and, where applicable, the summary of oral evidence referred to in subsection (2)(c), together with such documentary evidence as the Supervisor receives in evidence, form the record of the hearing.

(4)

The record and the hearing referred to in subsection (3) are public, unless the Supervisor is satisfied that personal or other matters that may be disclosed are of such a nature that the desirability of avoiding public disclosure of those matters, in the interest of a third party or in the public interest, outweighs the desirability of the access by the public to information about those matters.

(5)

The decision of the Supervisor after a hearing referred to in subsection (1), together with the reasons given for the hearing, shall be given in writing to the trustee not later than 3 months after the conclusion of the hearing; and the decision shall be public.

(6)

Any decision of the Supervisor may on application to the Court be reviewed, set aside or confirmed.

Protection of estate by Supervisor

175.(1)

The Supervisor may, for the protection of an estate in the circumstances referred to in subsection (2),

(a)

direct a person to deal with property of the estate described in the direction in such manner as may be indicated in the direction, including the continuation of the administration of the estate;

(b)

direct any person to take such steps as the Supervisor considers necessary to preserve the books and records of the estate;

(c)

direct a bank or other depository not to pay out funds held to the credit of the estate except in accordance with the direction; and

(d)

where action in respect of a trustee is being taken under section 167(5) or 173(1), refuse to appoint the trustee in respect of any new estates until a decision in respect of the trustee is made.

(2)

The circumstances in which the Supervisor is authorised to exercise the powers set out in subsection (1) are, where

(a)

an estate is left without a trustee by the death, removal or incapacity of the trustee;

(b)

the Supervisor makes or causes to be made any investigation pursuant to paragraph (c) of section 161(3);

(c)

the Supervisor exercises any of the powers set out in section 173;

(d)

the fees referred to in section 167(2) have not been paid in respect of the licence of a trustee;

(e)

a trustee becomes insolvent;

(f)

a trustee is convicted of an indictable offence or has failed to comply with any of the conditions or limitations to which the trustee’s licence is subject; or

(g)

a circumstance referred to in paragraph (c) or (d) of section 167(5) exists and the Supervisor is considering cancelling the licence under section 167(5).

(3)

A direction given pursuant to subsection (1)

(a)

shall state the statutory authority pursuant to which the direction is given;

(b)

is binding on the person to whom it is given; and

(c)

is, in favour of the person to whom it is given, conclusive proof of the facts set out in the direction.

(4)

A person who complies with a direction given pursuant to subsection (1) is not liable for any act done by the person only in compliance with that direction.

Court removal of trustee

176.

The Court on the application of any interested person, may for cause remove a trustee and appoint another licensed trustee in the trustee’s place.

Appointment by Supervisor of non-licensed trustee

177.

Where no licensed trustee can be found who is willing to act as trustee, the Court or the Supervisor may appoint a responsible person to administer the estate of the debtor, and that person, for that purpose, has all the powers of a licensed trustee under this Act, and the provisions of this Act apply to that person as if a licence had been issued to that person under paragraph (a) of section 161(3).

Duty to act

178.(1)

No trustee is bound to assume the duties of trustee in matters relating to assignments, receiving orders or proposals, but having accepted an appointment in relation to those matters the trustee shall, until discharged or another trustee is appointed in the place of the trustee, perform the duties required of a trustee under this Act.

(2)

In subsections (3) to (9), a reference to a trustee means a trustee in a bankruptcy or proposal and includes an interim receiver or a receiver.

(3)

Notwithstanding anything in any law, where a trustee carries on in that position the business of the debtor or continues the employment of the debtor’s employees, the trustee is not by reason of that fact personally liable in respect of any claim against the debtor or related to a requirement imposed on the debtor to pay an amount where the claim arose before or upon the trustee’s appointment.

(4)

A claim referred to in subsection (3) shall not rank as costs of administration.

(5)

Notwithstanding anything in any law, a trustee is not personally liable in that position for any environmental condition that arose or environmental damage that occurred

(a)

before the trustee’s appointment; or

(b)

after the trustee’s appointment,

unless it is established that the condition arose or the damage occurred as a result of the trustee’s negligence or misconduct.

(6)

Nothing in subsection (5) exempts a trustee from any duty to report or make disclosure imposed by a law referred to in that subsection.

(7)

Notwithstanding anything in any law but subject to subsection (5), where an order is made which has the effect of requiring a trustee to remedy any environmental condition or environmental damage affecting property involved in a bankruptcy, proposal or receivership, the trustee is not personally liable for failure to comply with the order, and is not personally liable for any costs that are or would be incurred by any person in carrying out the terms of the order,

(a)

where, within such time as is specified in the order and where no time is specified, within 10 days after the order is made, within 10 days after the appointment of the trustee, if the order is in effect when the trustee is appointed, or during the period of the stay referred to in paragraph (b), the trustee

(i)

complies with the order; or

(ii)

on notice to the person who issued the order, abandons, disposes of or otherwise releases any interest in any real property affected by the condition or damage;

(b)

where during the period of a stay of the order granted, on application made within the time specified in the order referred to in paragraph (a), within 10 days after the order is made or within 10 days after the appointment of the trustee, where the order is in effect when the trustee is appointed, to

(i)

the Court or body having jurisdiction under the law pursuant to which the order was made to enable the trustee to contest the order; or

(ii)

the Court having jurisdiction in bankruptcy for the purposes of assessing the economic viability of complying with the order; or

(c)

if the trustee had, before the order was made, abandoned or renounced or been divested of any interest in any real property affected by the condition or damage.

(8)

The Court may grant a stay of the order referred to in subsection (7) on such notice and for such period as the Court deems necessary for the purpose of enabling the trustee to assess the economic viability of complying with the order.

(9)

Where the trustee has abandoned or renounced any interest in real property affected by the environmental condition or environmental damage, claims for costs of remedying the condition or damage shall not rank as costs of administration.

(10)

Any claim by the Crown against the debtor in a bankruptcy, proposal or receivership for costs of remedying any environmental condition or environmental damage affecting real property of the debtor is secured by a charge on the real property and on any other real property of the debtor that is contiguous thereto and that is related to the activity that caused the environmental condition or environmental damage, and the charge

(a)

is enforceable in the same way as a mortgage or other security on real property; and

(b)

ranks above any other claim, right or charge against the property, notwithstanding any other provision of this Act or anything in any other law.

(11)

Notwithstanding section 98(1), a claim against a debtor in a bankruptcy or proposal for the costs of remedying any environmental condition or environmental damage affecting real property of the debtor shall be a provable claim, whether the condition arose or the damage occurred before or after the date of the filing of the proposal or the date of the bankruptcy.

Acts done in good faith

179.

No defect or irregularity in the appointment of a trustee vitiates any act done by the trustee in good faith.

Corporate trustee

180.

A body corporate may hold a licence as trustee only if a majority of its directors and a majority of its officers hold licences as trustees.

Incorporation

181.

Notwithstanding the Companies Act, Cap. 308, no person may be incorporated under that Act for the purpose of acting as a trustee in insolvency from within Barbados unless its incorporation has been consented to by the Supervisor.

Acts by corporate trustee

182.

A body corporate that holds a licence as a trustee may perform the duties and exercise the powers of a trustee only through a director or officer of the body corporate who holds a licence as a trustee.

Corporate trustee not a trust company

183.

Every body corporate that is incorporated by or under an Act of Parliament and that holds a licence as a trustee may carry on the business of a trustee and shall not, in respect of its operations as a trustee, be construed to be carrying on the business of a trust company.

Official name

184.

The official name of a trustee acting in bankruptcy proceedings is “The Trustee of the Estate of (insert name of the bankrupt), a bankrupt”, and the official name of a trustee acting with respect to a proposal by an insolvent person is “The Trustee acting in re the proposal of (insert the name of the debtor)”.

Trustee to give security

185.(1)

Every trustee duly appointed shall forthwith give security in cash or by bond of a guaranty company satisfactory to the Supervisor for the due accounting for, the payment and the transfer of all property received by him as trustee and for the due and faithful performance of his duties.

(2)

The security required to be given under subsection (1) shall be deposited with the Supervisor, shall be given in favour of the creditors generally and may be enforced by any succeeding trustee or by one of the creditors on behalf of all by direction of the Court, and may be increased or reduced by the Supervisor.

(3)

The trustee shall, as soon as possible, take possession of the deeds, books and records, and all property of the bankrupt and make an inventory, and for the purpose of making an inventory the trustee is entitled to enter, subject to subsection (4), on any premises on which the deeds, books and records, or property of the bankrupt may be, notwithstanding that they may be in the possession of a Marshal, a secured creditor or other claimant to the deeds, books, records or property of the bankrupt.

(4)

Where the premises referred to in subsection (3) are occupied by a person other than the bankrupt, the trustee may not enter the premises without the consent of that other person except under the authority of a warrant issued under section 217.

(5)

The trustee shall, in relation to and for the purpose of acquiring or retaining possession of the property of the bankrupt, be in the same position as if he were a receiver of the property appointed by the Court, and the Court may on his application, enforce the acquisition or retention accordingly.

(6)

No person is, as against the trustee, entitled to withhold possession of the books and records belonging to the bankrupt or to set up any lien or right of retention on those books and records.

Delivery of property to trustee

186.

Where a person has in his possession or power any property of the bankrupt that he is not by law entitled to retain as against the bankrupt or the trustee, that person shall deliver the property to the trustee.

Protective measures

187.

The trustee may when necessary in the interests of the estate of the bankrupt

(a)

take conservatory measures and summarily dispose of property that is perishable or likely to depreciate rapidly in value; and

(b)

carry on the business of the bankrupt until the date fixed for the first meeting of creditors.

Legal proceedings to protect estate

188.(1)

The trustee may prior to the first meeting of creditors, obtain such legal advice and take such Court proceedings as he may consider necessary for the recovery or protection of the property of the bankrupt.

(2)

In the case of an emergency where the necessary authority cannot be obtained from the inspectors in time to take appropriate action, the trustee may obtain such legal advice and institute such legal proceedings and take such action as he may deem necessary in the interests of the estate of the bankrupt.

(3)

The trustee shall verify the bankrupt’s statement of affairs.

Divesting of real property

189.(1)

The trustee may, with the permission of the inspectors, divest all or any part of the trustee’s right, title or interest in any real property of the bankrupt by a notice of quit claim or disclaimer by the trustee, and the official in charge of the land registry office, as the case may be, where title to the real property is registered shall accept and register in the land register the notice when tendered for registration.

(2)

Registration of a notice under subsection (1) operates as a discharge or release of any documents previously registered in the land register by or on behalf of the trustee with respect to the property referred to in the notice.

Initiation of criminal proceedings

190.

The trustee may initiate such criminal proceedings as may be authorised by the creditors, the inspectors or the Court against any person believed to have committed an offence under this Act.

Returns

191.

The trustee is not liable to make any return that the bankrupt was required to make more than one year prior to the commencement of the calendar year, or the fiscal year of the bankrupt where that is different from the calendar year in which he became bankrupt.

Regulators empowered to review records

192.

The trustee shall at all reasonable times permit any authorised person to inspect the books and records of the bankrupt in order to prepare or verify returns that the bankrupt is by statute required to file.

Insure property

193.(1)

The trustee shall forthwith temporarily insure and keep insured in his official name all the insurable property of the bankrupt, for such amount and against such hazards as he may deem advisable until the inspectors are appointed; and the inspectors shall determine the amount for which and the hazards against which the bankrupt’s property shall be insured by the trustee.

(2)

All insurance covering property of the bankrupt in force at the date of bankruptcy shall in the event of loss suffered, without any notice to the insurer or other action on the part of the trustee and notwithstanding any statute or rule of law or contract or provision to a contrary effect, become payable immediately to the trustee as if the name of the trustee were written in the policy or contract of insurance as that of the insured or as if no change of title or ownership had come about and the trustee were the insured.

Deposits

194.(1)

Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a trustee shall forthwith deposit all monies received for an estate in a separate trust account for each estate.

(2)

The trustee shall deposit monies pursuant to subsection (1) in a deposit-taking institution licensed under the Financial Institutions Act, Cap. 324A or the Co-operative Societies Act, Cap. 378A.

(3)

Where monies referred to in subsection (1) are situated in a country other than Barbados, the trustee may, where authorised by the Supervisor, deposit the monies in a financial institution in that country that is similar to a bank.

(4)

The trustee shall not withdraw any money from the trust account of an estate without the permission in writing of the inspectors or, on application, the Court, except for the payment of dividends and charges incidental to the administration of the estate.

(5)

All payments made by a trustee under subsection (1) shall be made by cheque drawn on the estate account or in such manner as may be specified by the Supervisor.

(6)

The trustee shall not deposit any sums received by the trustee in the trustee’s official capacity as a trustee in any banking account kept by the trustee for the trustee’s personal use.

(7)

Any interest recoverable in respect of the account shall be part of the assets of the estate.

Maintenance books and records

195.(1)

The trustee shall keep proper books and records of the administration of each estate to which he is appointed, in which shall be entered

(a)

a record of all monies received or disbursed by him;

(b)

a list of all creditors filing claims;

(c)

the amount and disposition of those claims;

(d)

a copy of all notices sent out;

(e)

the original signed copy of all minutes, proceedings had, and resolutions passed at any meeting of creditors or inspectors;

(f)

court orders; and

(g)

all such other matters or proceedings as may be necessary to give a complete account of his administration of the estate.

(2)

The estate books and records relating to the administration of an estate are deemed to be the property of the estate, and, in the event of any change of trustee, shall forthwith be delivered to the substituted trustee.

(3)

The trustee shall permit the books and records referred to in subsection (2) to be inspected, and copies of those books and records to be made, at any reasonable time, by the Supervisor, the bankrupt, or any creditor or their agents.

Reporting by trustee

196.(1)

The trustee shall report in writing,

(a)

when required by the inspectors, to every creditor;

(b)

when required by any specific creditor, to the creditor; and

(c)

when required by the Supervisor, to the Supervisor or the creditors,

showing the condition of the bankrupt’s estate, the monies on hand, if any, and particulars of any property remaining unsold.

(2)

The trustee is entitled to charge against the estate of the bankrupt, for the preparation and delivery of any report referred to in subsection (1), only his actual disbursements.

Documents to be provided to Supervisor

197.(1)

The trustee shall, forthwith after the receipt or preparation of the documents referred to in section 131,

(a)

send them to the Supervisor along with a true copy of

(i)

the notice referred to in section 79;

(ii)

the statement referred to in paragraph (e) of section 135;

(iii)

the trustee’s final statement of receipts and disbursements and the dividend sheet; and

(iv)

every order made by the Court on the application for discharge of a bankrupt or for annulling any bankruptcy; and

(b)

file a copy of the documents referred to in paragraphs (ii) and (iii) in the Court.

(2)

The trustee shall forward promptly to the Supervisor copies of all notices, reports and statements sent by the trustee to the creditors and, when required, copies of such other documents as the Supervisor may specify.

Report to Supervisor where trustee no longer appointed

198.(1)

Where

(a)

the licence of a trustee has been cancelled or suspended, or has ceased to be valid by reason of failure to pay fees;

(b)

a trustee has been removed from continuing the administration of an estate; or

(c)

a trustee dies or becomes incapacitated,

the trustee or the legal representative of the trustee shall, within such time as is fixed by the Supervisor,

(i)

prepare and forward to the Supervisor a detailed financial statement of the receipts and disbursements together with a list of and report on the unadministered property of every estate under the administration of the trustee for which the trustee has not been discharged; and

(ii)

shall forward to such other trustee as may be appointed in the place of the trustee or, pending the appointment of the other trustee, to the Supervisor, all the remaining property of every estate under the administration together with all the books and records relating thereto.

(2)

Every trustee before proceeding to his discharge shall, unless he has already done so, prepare and file the report referred to in section 148 and forward a copy to the Supervisor.

Permission to take specified action

199.(1)

The trustee may, with the permission of the inspectors, do all or any of the following things:

(a)

for such price or other consideration as the inspectors may approve sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the property of the bankrupt, including the goodwill of the business, if any, and the book debts due or falling due to the bankrupt, by tender, public auction or private contract, with power to transfer the whole of the property to any person or to sell the same in parcels;

(b)

lease any real property;

(c)

carry on the business of the bankrupt, in so far as may be necessary for the beneficial administration of the estate of the bankrupt;

(d)

bring, institute or defend any action or other legal proceeding relating to the property of the bankrupt;

(e)

employ an attorney or other agent to take any proceedings or do any business that may be sanctioned by the inspectors;

(f)

accept as the consideration for the sale of any property of the bankrupt a sum of money payable at a future time, subject to such stipulations as to security and otherwise as the inspectors think fit;

(g)

incur obligations, borrow money and give security on any property of the bankrupt by mortgage, charge, assignment, pledge or otherwise, and the obligations and money borrowed shall be discharged or repaid with interest out of the property of the bankrupt in priority to the claims of the creditors;

(h)

compromise and settle any debts owing to the bankrupt;

(i)

compromise any claim made by or against the estate;

(j)

divide in its existing form among the creditors, according to its estimated value, any property that from its particular nature or other special circumstances cannot be readily or advantageously sold;

(k)

disclaim any property which binds the possessor of the property to the performance of any onerous act or to the payment of any sum of money;

(l)

elect to retain for the whole part of its unexpired term, or to assign, surrender, disclaim any lease of, or other temporary interest in, any property of the bankrupt; and

(m)

appoint the bankrupt to aid in administering the estate of the bankrupt in such manner and on such terms as the inspectors may direct.

(2)

Permission given for the purposes of subsection (1) is not a general permission to do all or any of the things mentioned in that subsection, but is only a permission to do the particular thing or things or class of thing or things that the permission specifies.

Powers to make advances, borrow etc.

200.(1)

With the permission of the Court, an interim receiver or trustee may, prior to the appointment of inspectors, make necessary or advisable advances, incur obligations, borrow money and give security on the property of the debtor in such amounts, on such terms and on such property as may be authorised by the Court; and those advances, obligations and money borrowed shall be repaid out of the property of the debtor in priority to the claims of the creditors.

(2)

The creditors or inspectors may by resolution limit

(a)

the amount of the obligations that may be incurred;

(b)

the advances that may be made or monies that may be borrowed by the trustee; and

(c)

the period of time during which the business of the bankrupt may be carried on by the trustee.

(3)

All debts incurred and credit received in carrying on the business of a bankrupt are deemed to be debts incurred and credit received by the estate of the bankrupt.

Trustee not required to operate business

201.

The trustee is not under any obligation to carry on the business of the bankrupt where

(a)

in the opinion of the trustee, the realisable value of the property of the bankrupt is insufficient to protect the trustee fully against possible loss occasioned by so doing; and

(b)

the creditors or inspectors, on demand made by the trustee, neglect or refuse to secure him against such possible loss.

Order for sale of assets

202.(1)

The Court may make an order providing for the sale of any or all of the assets of the estate of the bankrupt, either by tender, private sale or public auction, setting out the terms and conditions of the sale and directing that the proceeds from the sale shall be used for the purpose of reimbursing the trustee in respect of any costs that may be owing to him or of any monies that he may have advanced for the benefit of the estate.

(2)

If no bid is received for the assets of the estate of the bankrupt sufficient to reimburse the trustee, the Court may make an order vesting in the trustee personally all assets of the estate, and on the making of the order the rights to the assets and interests of the creditors and of the bankrupt to the assets shall be determined and ended.

Application for directions

203.(1)

A trustee may apply to the Court for directions in relation to any matter affecting the administration of the estate of a bankrupt and the Court shall give in writing such directions, if any, as appear to it to be proper in the circumstances.

(2)

Where an estate has not been fully administered within 3 years after the bankruptcy, the trustee shall, if requested to do so by the Supervisor, report that fact to the Court as soon as practicable thereafter; and the Court shall make such order as it considers fit to expedite the administration of the estate.

Redirection of mail

204.(1)

Subject to subsection (2), the trustee may, by sending to the Postmaster General

(a)

a notice in the prescribed form; and

(b)

a copy of the trustee’s certificate of appointment,

request that any mail addressed to a bankrupt that is directed to any place referred to in the notice be redirected or sent by the Postmaster General to the trustee or to such other person as the trustee may designate; and when the Postmaster General receives those documents, he shall so redirect or send that mail.

(2)

A notice referred to in subsection (1) may refer to a bankrupt’s residence only where the trustee has, on application, obtained permission from the Court.

(3)

Where a bankrupt is an individual, a notice referred to in subsection (1) is operative only during the 3-month period immediately following the date of bankruptcy unless the Court, on application, extends that period on such terms as the Court considers fit.

Former trustee to pass accounts

205.(1)

On the appointment of a substituted trustee, the former trustee shall forthwith pass his accounts before the Court and deliver to the substituted trustee all the property of the estate, together with all books and records of the bankrupt and relating to the administration of the estate.

(2)

A substituted trustee shall

(a)

if appointed by the creditors, file with the Court a copy of the minutes of the meeting at which the substituted trustee was appointed signed by the chairman;

(b)

notify the Supervisor of the appointment of the substituted trustee;

(c)

if required by the inspectors, register a notice of the appointment in the land register of any land titles or registry office where the assignment or receiving order has been registered; and

(d)

as soon as funds are available, pay to the former trustee his remuneration and disbursements as approved by the Court.

Application to Court by aggrieved party

206.

Where the bankrupt or any of the creditors or any other person is aggrieved by any act or decision of the trustee, he may apply to the Court and the Court may confirm, reverse or modify the act or decision complained of and make such other order in the premises as it thinks just.

Trustee refusing to act

207.(1)

Where a creditor requests the trustee to take any proceeding that in his opinion would be for the benefit of the estate of a bankrupt and the trustee refuses or neglects to take the proceeding, the creditor may obtain from the Court an order authorising him to take the proceeding in his own name and at his own expense and risk, on notice being given to the other creditors of the contemplated proceeding, and on such other terms and conditions as the Court may direct.

(2)

On an order under subsection (1) being made, the trustee shall assign and transfer to the creditor all his right, title and interest in the chose-in-action or subject-matter of the proceeding, including any document in support of the chose-in-action or proceeding.

(3)

Any benefit derived from a proceeding taken pursuant to subsection (1), to the extent of his claim and the costs, belongs exclusively to the creditor instituting the proceeding, and the surplus, if any, belongs to the estate.

(4)

Where, before an order is made under subsection (1), the trustee, with the permission of the inspectors, signifies to the Court his readiness to institute the proceeding for the benefit of the creditors, the order shall fix the time within which he shall do so, and in that case the benefit derived from the proceeding, if instituted within the time so fixed, belongs to the estate.

Determination of fees

208.(1)

The remuneration of the trustee shall be such as is voted to the trustee by ordinary resolution at any meeting of creditors or, if the creditors resolve by ordinary resolution, by the inspectors.

(2)

Where the remuneration of the trustee has not been fixed under subsection (1), the trustee shall apply to the Court for an order fixing the amount of the trustee’s remuneration.

(3)

Where the business of the debtor has been carried on by the trustee or under his supervision, the trustee may be allowed such special remuneration for such services as the creditors or the inspectors may by resolution authorise, and, in the case of a proposal, such special remuneration as may be agreed to by the debtor or, in the absence of agreement with the creditors or debtor, such amount as may be approved by the Court.

(4)

In the case of 2 or more trustees acting in succession, the remuneration shall be apportioned between the trustees in accordance with the services rendered by each, and in the absence of agreement between the trustees the Court shall determine the amount payable to each.

(5)

On application by the trustee, a creditor or the debtor and on notice to such parties as the Court may direct, the Court may make an order increasing or reducing the remuneration.

Property incapable of realisation

209.(1)

With the permission of the inspectors, any property of a bankrupt found incapable of realisation shall be returned to the bankrupt prior to the trustee’s application for discharge.

(2)

Where a trustee is unable to dispose of any property as provided in this section, the Court may make such order as it may consider necessary.

Trustee to apply for discharge

210.(1)

When a trustee has completed the duties required of him with respect to the administration of the property of a bankrupt, he shall apply to the Court for a discharge.

(2)

The Court may discharge a trustee with respect to any estate on full administration thereof or, for sufficient cause, before full administration.

(3)

A trustee when replaced by another trustee is entitled to be discharged if he has accounted to the satisfaction of the inspectors and the Court for all property that came to his hands and a period of 3 months has elapsed after the date of the replacement without any undisposed of claim or objection having been made by the bankrupt or any creditor.

(4)

When the accounts of a trustee have been approved by the inspectors and taxed by the Court and all objections, applications and appeals have been settled or disposed of and all dividends have been paid, the estate is deemed to have been fully administered.

(5)

Any interested person desiring to object to the discharge of a trustee shall, at least 5 days prior to the date of the hearing, file notice of objection with the Registrar setting out the reasons for the objection, and serve a copy of the notice on the trustee.

(6)

The Court shall consider the objection filed under subsection (5) and may grant or withhold a discharge or give such directions as it may deem proper in the circumstances.

(7)

Nothing in or done under the authority of this section relieves or discharges or shall be deemed to relieve or discharge a trustee from the results of any fraud.

(8)

The discharge of a trustee discharges him from all liability

(a)

in respect of any act done or default made by him in the administration of the property of the bankrupt; and

(b)

in relation to his conduct as trustee;

but any discharge may be revoked by the Court on proof that it was obtained by fraud or by suppression or concealment of any material fact.

(9)

Nothing in subsection (8) shall be construed to prevent an investigation or a proceeding in respect of a trustee under section 173(1).

(10)

The discharge of a trustee under this section operates as a release of the security provided pursuant to section 185(1).

(11)

Notwithstanding his discharge, the trustee remains the trustee of the estate for the performance of such duties as may be incidental to the full administration of the estate.

(12)

The Court, on being satisfied that there are assets that have not been realized or distributed, may, on the application of any interested person, appoint a trustee to complete the administration of the estate of the bankrupt; and the trustee shall be governed by the provisions of this Act, in so far as they are applicable.

Jurisdiction of High Court

211.

The Court shall, have and exercise jurisdiction in respect of bankrupts and matters of insolvency, and such jurisdiction shall be exercised under and subject to this Act, the Bankruptcy Rules, Cap. 117A and any other enactment relating to bankruptcy and insolvency.

Title of insolvency matters

212.

Subject to the Bankruptcy Rules,

(a)

all proceedings used in Court must be dated and entitled in the name of the Court in which they are used, together with the words “In Bankruptcy and Insolvency”;

(b)

every document used in the filing of a petition or used after the filing of an assignment must be entitled “In the Matter of the Bankruptcy of...”;

(c)

every document used in the filing of a proposal before bankruptcy must be entitled “In the Matter of the Proposal of...”; and

(d)

every document used in the course of a receivership must be entitled “In the Matter of the Receivership of...”.

General power of Court

213.

Subject to this Act, the Court shall have full power to decide all questions of priorities and all other questions whatsoever, whether of law or fact, that may arise in any case of insolvency coming within the cognisance of the Court or which the Court may deem it expedient or necessary to decide for the purpose of doing complete justice or making a complete distribution of property in any such case.

Proceeding not invalidated by defect or irregularity

214.

No proceeding in bankruptcy shall be invalidated by any formal defect or by any irregularity, unless the court before which an objection is made to the proceeding is of the opinion that substantial injustice has been caused by the defect or irregularity and that the injustice cannot be remedied by any order of that court.

Court may review, rescind, or vary order

215.(1)

The Court may review, rescind or vary any order made by it under its jurisdiction in insolvency.

(2)

The Court may at any time adjourn any proceedings before it upon such terms, if any, as it may think fit to impose.

(3)

The Court may at any time amend any written process or proceeding under this Act, upon such terms, if any, as it may think fit to impose.

Court may give leave to omit material or to send notices in alternative manner

216.(1)

Where in the opinion of the Court the cost of preparing statements, lists of creditors or other material required by this Act to be sent with notices to creditors, or the cost of sending the material or notices, is unjustified in the circumstances, the Court may give leave to omit the material or any part thereof or to send the material or notices in such manner as the Court may direct.

(2)

Where by this Act or by the Bankruptcy Rules the time for doing any act or thing is limited, the Court may extend the time either before or after the expiration thereof, upon such terms, if any, as the Court may think fit to impose.

Seizure of property of bankrupt

217.(1)

Where on ex parte application by the trustee or interim receiver the Court is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe there is in any place or premises any property of the bankrupt, the Court may issue a warrant authorising the trustee or interim receiver to enter and search that place or premises and to seize the property of the bankrupt, subject to such conditions as may be specified in the warrant.

(2)

In executing a warrant under subsection (1), the trustee or interim receiver shall not use force unless the trustee or interim receiver is accompanied by a constable or officer of the Court and the use of force has been specifically authorised in the warrant.

(3)

A search warrant issued under subsection (1) may be executed in the manner prescribed, or in the same manner and subject to the same privileges in and subject to which a search warrant for property supposed to be stolen may be executed according to law.

Evidence in Court

218.(1)

Subject to the Bankruptcy Rules, the Court may in any matter take the whole or any part of the evidence either viva vice or by interrogatories or upon affidavit or, out of Barbados, by commission.

(2)

Subject to the Bankruptcy Rules, any affidavit to be used in Court may be sworn before any person authorised to administer oaths in the Court or, in the case of a person who is out of Barbados, before a Magistrate or Justice of the Peace or other person qualified to administer oaths in the country where he resides (he being certified to be a Magistrate or Justice of the Peace or so qualified by a diplomatic or consular representative for Barbados or by a notary public).

(3)

Any document made or used in the course of any bankruptcy proceedings or other proceedings had under this Act shall, if it appears to be sealed with the seal of the Court having jurisdiction in insolvency, purports to be signed by any judge thereof or is certified as a true copy by the Registrar, be admissible in evidence in all legal proceedings.

(4)

The production of an original document relating to any insolvency proceeding or a copy certified by the person making it as a true copy thereof or by a successor in that office of that person as a true copy of a document found among the records in his control or possession is evidence of the contents of those documents.

(5)

In case of the death of the bankrupt or the spouse of a bankrupt or of a witness, whose evidence has been received by any court in any proceedings under this Act, the deposition of the deceased person purporting to be sealed under the seal of the Court, or a copy thereof purporting to be so sealed, shall be admitted as evidence of the matters therein deposed to.

Orders subject to appeal

219.(1)

Orders in insolvency matters shall at the instance of any person aggrieved, be subject to appeal in the same manner as other orders of the Court.

(2)

Where by this Act an appeal to the Court is given against any decision of the Supervisor or trustee, the appeal shall be brought within 21 days from the time when the decision appealed against is pronounced or made.

Costs are in the discretion of the Court

220.

Subject to this Act and the Bankruptcy Rules, the costs of and incidental to any proceedings in Court under this Act shall be in the discretion of the Court, but, where any issue is to be tried by a jury, the costs shall follow the event, unless, upon application made at the trial and for good cause shown, the judge before whom such issue is tried otherwise orders.

Application to Court where default

221.

Where default is made by a trustee, debtor, or other person in obeying any order or direction given by the Court, the Supervisor or the trustee under any power conferred by this Act, in addition to any other right or remedy provided for under this Act, the Supervisor, trustee, or other interested person may apply to the Court for an order requiring such person to comply with the order or direction so given, and the Court may also, if it thinks fit, upon any such application, make an immediate order for the committal of such person.

Trustee not personally liable

222.

Where an action or proceeding is bought by or against a trustee, or where a trustee is made a party to any action or proceeding on his application or on the application of any other party thereto, he is not personally liable for costs unless the Court otherwise directs.

Interpretation

223.

In this Part,

“debtor” means an insolvent person who has property in Barbados, a bankrupt who has property in Barbados or a person who has the status of a bankrupt under foreign law in a foreign proceeding and has property in Barbados;

“foreign proceeding” means a judicial or administrative proceeding commenced outside Barbados in respect of a debtor, under a law relating to bankruptcy or insolvency and dealing with the collective interests of creditors generally;

“foreign representative” means a person, other than a debtor, holding office under the law of a jurisdiction outside Barbados who, irrespective of the person’s designation, is assigned, under the laws of the jurisdiction outside Barbados, functions in connection with a foreign proceeding that are similar to those performed by a trustee, liquidator, administrator or receiver appointed by the Court.

Copy of order to be proof of events

224.(1)

For the purposes of this Part, where a bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganisation or like order has been made in respect of a debtor in a foreign proceeding, a certified or exemplified copy of the order is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof that the debtor is insolvent and proof of the appointment of the foreign representative made by the order.

(2)

Where a foreign proceeding has been commenced and a receiving order or assignment is made under this Act in respect of a debtor, the Court may, on application and on such terms as it considers appropriate, limit the property to which the authority of the trustee extends to the property of the debtor situated in Barbados and to such property of the debtor outside Barbados as the Court considers can be effectively administered by the trustee.

(3)

The Court may, in respect of a debtor, make such orders and grant such relief as it considers appropriate to facilitate, approve or implement arrangements that will result in a co-ordination of proceedings under this Act with any foreign proceeding.

(4)

An order of the Court under this Part may be made on such terms and conditions as the Court considers appropriate in the circumstances.

(5)

Nothing in this Part prevents the Court, on the application of a foreign representative or any other interested person, from applying such legal or equitable rules governing the recognition of foreign insolvency orders and assistance to foreign representatives as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act.

(6)

Nothing in this Part requires the Court to make any order that is not in compliance with the laws of Barbados or to enforce any order made by a foreign court.

Stay of proceedings not to apply unless proceedings taken in Barbados

225.

A stay of proceedings that operates against creditors of a debtor in a foreign proceeding does not apply in respect of creditors who reside or carry on business in Barbados with respect to property in Barbados unless the stay of proceedings is the result of proceedings taken in Barbados.

Foreign representative take certain proceedings

226.

A foreign representative may commence and continue proceedings pursuant to sections 4 and 7 to 10 and section 12(1) in respect of a debtor as if the foreign representative were a creditor, trustee, liquidator or receiver of property of the debtor, or the debtor.

Court may seek aid of foreign authority

227.(1)

The Court may seek the aid and assistance of a court, tribunal or other authority in a foreign proceeding by order or written request or otherwise as the Court considers appropriate.

(2)

On application by a foreign representative in respect of a foreign proceeding commenced for the purpose of effecting a composition, an extension of time or a scheme of arrangement in respect of a debtor or in respect of the bankruptcy of a debtor, the Court may grant a stay of proceedings against the debtor or the debtor’s property in Barbados on such terms and for such period as is consistent with the relief provided for under sections 41 to 44 in respect of a debtor in Barbados who files a notice of intention or a proposal or who becomes bankrupt in Barbados.

(3)

On application by a foreign representative in respect of a debtor, the Court may, where it is satisfied that it is necessary for the protection of the debtor’s estate or the interests of a creditor or creditors,

(a)

appoint a trustee as interim receiver of all or any part of the debtor’s property in Barbados, for such term as the Court considers appropriate; and

(b)

direct the interim receiver to do all or any of the following:

(i)

take conservatory measures and summarily dispose of property that is perishable or likely to depreciate rapidly in value;

(ii)

take possession of all or part of the debtor’s property mentioned in the appointment and exercise such control over the property and over the debtor’s business as the Court considers appropriate; and

(iii)

take such other action as the Court considers appropriate.

(4)

Section 10 applies, with such modifications as the circumstances require, in respect of an interim receiver appointed under subsection (3).

(5)

On application of a foreign representative in respect of a debtor, the Court may authorise the examination under oath by the foreign representative of the debtor or of any person in relation to the debtor who, if the debtor were a bankrupt referred to in section 140, would be a person who could be examined under that subsection.

Court order may be conditional on compliance of foreign representative with other court order

228.

An application to the Court by a foreign representative under this Part does not submit the foreign representative to the jurisdiction of the Court for any other purpose except with regard to the costs of the proceedings, but the Court may make any order under this Part conditional on the compliance by the foreign representative with any other order of the Court.

Foreign representative not prevented from proceeding due to appeal

229.

A foreign representative is not prevented from making an application to the Court under this Part by reason only that proceedings by way of appeal or review have been taken in a foreign proceeding, and the Court may, on an application where such proceedings have been taken, grant relief as if the proceedings had not been taken.

Dividends subject to property the creditor may acquire outside Barbados

230.(1)

Where any receiving order, proposal or assignment is made in respect of a debtor under this Act,

(a)

the amount that a creditor receives or is entitled to receive outside Barbados by way of a dividend in a foreign proceeding in respect of the debtor; and

(b)

the value of any property of the debtor that the creditor acquires outside Barbados

(i)

on account of a provable claim of the creditor; or

(ii)

that the creditor acquires outside Barbados by way of a transfer that, if it were subject to this Act, would be set aside or reviewed under sections 66 to 78,

shall be taken into account in the distribution of dividends to creditors of the debtor in Barbados as if they were a part of that distribution.

(2)

The creditor is not entitled to receive a dividend from the distribution in Barbados referred to in subsection (1) until every other creditor who has a claim of equal rank in the order of priority established under this Act has received a dividend, the amount of which is the same percentage of that other creditor’s claim as the aggregate of the amount referred to in paragraph (a) and the value referred to in paragraph (b) is of that creditor’s claim.

Claim payable in foreign currency

231.

A claim for a debt that is payable in a currency other than Barbadian currency shall be converted to Barbadian currency

(a)

in the case of a proposal in respect of an insolvent person and unless otherwise provided in the proposal, where a notice of intention was filed under section 16, as of the day the notice was filed or, if no notice was filed, as of the day the proposal was filed with the Supervisor under section 30;

(b)

in the case of a proposal in respect of a bankrupt and unless otherwise provided in the proposal, as of the date of the bankruptcy; or

(c)

in the case of a bankruptcy, as of the date of the bankruptcy.

Offences committed by bankrupt

232.(1)

Any bankrupt who

(a)

makes any fraudulent disposition of the bankrupt’s property before or after the date of the initial bankruptcy event;

(b)

refuses or neglects to answer fully and truthfully all proper questions put to the bankrupt at any examination held pursuant to this Act;

(c)

makes a false entry or knowingly makes a material omission in a statement or accounting;

(d)

after or within one year immediately preceding the date of the initial bankruptcy event,

(i)

conceals, destroys, mutilates, falsifies, makes an omission in or disposes of, or is privy to the concealment, destruction, mutilation, falsification, omission from or disposition of, a book or document affecting or relating to the bankrupt’s property or affairs, unless the bankrupt had no intent to conceal the state of the bankrupt’s affairs;

(ii)

obtains any credit or any property by false representations made by the bankrupt or made by any other person to the bankrupt’s knowledge;

(iii)

fraudulently conceals or removes any property of a value of $50 or more or any debt due to or from the bankrupt;

(iv)

hypothecates, pawns, pledges or disposes of any property that the bankrupt has obtained on credit and has not paid for, unless in the case of a trader the hypothecation, pawning, pledging or disposing is in the ordinary way of trade and unless the bankrupt had no intent to defraud; or

(e)

after the filing of a petition against him, or within 6 months before the filing of the petition, quits Barbados and takes with him, or attempts or makes preparation to quit Barbados and take with him, any part of his property to the amount of $2 000 or upwards, which ought by law to be divided amongst his creditors,

is guilty of an offence and is liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding $10 000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both or, on conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding $20 000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years, or to both.

(2)

A bankrupt who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with an order of the Court made under section 39 or to do any of the things required of the bankrupt under section 135, is guilty of an offence and is liable

(a)

on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding $10 000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both; or

(b)

on conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding $20 000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years, or to both.

Offences committed by undischarged bankrupt

233.

An undischarged bankrupt who

(a)

engages in any trade or business without disclosing to all persons with whom he enters into any business transaction valued at more than $500 that he is an undischarged bankrupt; or

(b)

obtains credit to a total of $1 000 or more from any person or persons without informing such persons that he is an undischarged bankrupt,

is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both.

Where debtor having previously taken bankruptcy protection and not keeping proper books

234.(1)

Where any person who on any previous occasion has been bankrupt or made a proposal to creditors becomes bankrupt or makes a proposal, that person is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both, if

(a)

being engaged in any trade or business, at any time within the period beginning on the day that is 2 years before the date of the initial bankruptcy event and ending on the date of the bankruptcy, that person has not kept and preserved proper books and records; or

(b)

within the period mentioned in paragraph (a), that person conceals, destroys, mutilates, falsifies or disposes of, or is privy to the concealment, destruction, mutilation, falsification or disposition of, any book or record affecting or relating to the person’s property or affairs, unless the person had no intent to conceal the state of the person’s affairs.

(2)

For the purposes of this section, a debtor shall be deemed not to have kept proper books of account if he has not kept such books or accounts as are necessary to exhibit or explain his transactions and financial position in his trade or business, including a book or books containing entries from day to day in sufficient detail of all cash received and cash paid, and, where the trade or business has involved dealings in goods, also accounts of all goods sold and purchased, and statements of physical inventory counts.

False claims, unlawful fees and unlawful transactions

235.(1)

Where a creditor, or a person claiming to be a creditor, in any proceedings under this Act, wilfully and with intent to defraud makes any false claim or any proof, declaration or statement of account that is untrue in any material particular, the creditor or person is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both.

(2)

Where an inspector accepts from the bankrupt or from any person, firm or corporation acting on behalf of the bankrupt or from the trustee any fee, commission or emolument other than or in addition to the regular fees provided for by this Act, the inspector is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both.

(3)

Where the bankrupt enters into any transaction with any person for the purpose of obtaining a benefit or advantage to which either of them would not be entitled, the bankrupt is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both.

Offences by trustee and others

236.(1)

A person who,

(a)

not being a licensed trustee, does any act as, or represents himself to be, a licensed trustee;

(b)

being a trustee, either before providing the bond required by section 185(1) or after providing the bond but at any time while the bond is not in force, acts as or exercises any of the powers of trustee;

(c)

having been appointed a trustee, with intent to defraud, fails to observe or to comply with any of the provisions of this Act, or fails duly to do, observe or perform an act or duty that he may be ordered to do, observe or perform by the Court pursuant to this Act;

(d)

having been appointed a trustee, without reasonable excuse, fails to observe or to comply with any of the provisions of this Act, or fails duly to do, observe or perform any act or duty that he may be ordered to do, observe or perform by the Court pursuant to this Act;

(e)

having been appointed a trustee to any estate and another trustee having been appointed in his place, does not deliver to the substituted trustee on demand all unadministered property of the estate, together with the books, records and documents of the estate and of his administration;

(f)

directly or indirectly solicits or canvasses any person to make an assignment or proposal under this Act, or to petition for a receiving order;

(g)

being a trustee, directly or indirectly, solicits proxies to vote at a meeting of creditors; or

(h)

being a trustee,

(i)

makes any arrangement under any circumstances with the bankrupt, or any attorney-at-law, auctioneer or other person employed in connection with a bankruptcy, for any gift, remuneration or pecuniary or other consideration or benefit whatever beyond the remuneration payable out of the estate; or

(ii)

accepts any such consideration or benefit from any such person, or makes any arrangement for giving up, or gives up, any part of his remuneration, either as a receiver or trustee, to the bankrupt or any solicitor, auctioneer or other person employed in connection with the bankruptcy,

is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both.

(2)

A person who fails to comply with or contravenes any provision of section 163 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both.

(3)

Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with an order made under section 241

(a)

is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both; or

(b)

is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to a fine not exceeding $20 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years, or to both.

(4)

Nothing in paragraph (1)(h) shall be construed to apply to a sharing of trustee’s fees among persons who together act as trustee of the estate of a bankrupt or as joint trustee to a proposal.

(5)

Subject to this Act, every person who contravenes or fails to comply with a provision of this Act or of the Bankruptcy Rules is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both.

Removal of property

237.

A person, except the trustee, who

(a)

within 30 days after delivery to the trustee of the proof of claim mentioned in section 57; or

(b)

where no proof has been delivered,

removes or attempts to remove the property or part mentioned in section 57 out of the charge or possession of the bankrupt, the trustee or other custodian of the property, except with the written permission of the trustee, is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.

Invalid trustee licence

238.

Any trustee who exercises any of the powers or performs any of the duties of a trustee while the trustee’s licence has ceased to be valid for failure to pay licence fees, after the trustee’s licence has been suspended or cancelled under section 167(5) or after having been informed pursuant to section 174(5) of the suspension or cancellation of the trustee’s licence is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, or to both.

Trustee acting outside authority

239.

Where the Supervisor has placed conditions or limitations on the licence of a trustee and the trustee exercises any of the powers of a trustee other than the powers that the trustee is authorised to exercise, the trustee is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding $10 000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, or to both.

Offence committed by corporation

240.

Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, any officer, director or agent of the corporation, or any person who has or has had, directly or indirectly, control in fact of the corporation, who directed, authorised, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the commission of the offence is a party to and guilty of the offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment provided for the offence, whether or not the corporation has been prosecuted or convicted.

Court may make order for community service

241.

Where a person has been convicted of an offence under this Act, the court may, having regard to the nature of the offence and the circumstances surrounding its commission, and in addition to any other punishment that may be imposed under this Act, make an order directing the person to perform community service, subject to such reasonable conditions as may be specified in the order.

Variation of order made under section 241

242.(1)

Subject to subsection (2), where a court has made an order under section 241 in respect of a person, the court may, on application by the person or the Attorney-General, require the person to appear before it and, after hearing the person or the Attorney-General, the court may vary the order in one or any combination of the following ways that is applicable and that, in the opinion of the court, is desirable because of a change in the circumstances of the person since the order was made:

(a)

by making changes in the order or conditions specified therein or extending the period for which the order is to remain in force for such period, not exceeding one year, as the court considers desirable; or

(b)

by reducing the period for which the order is to remain in force or relieving the person, either absolutely or partially or for such period as the court considers desirable, of compliance with any condition that is specified in the order.

(2)

Before varying an order under subsection (1), the court may direct that notice be given to such persons as the court considers to be interested, and may hear any such persons.

(3)

Where an application made under subsection (1) in respect of a person has been heard by the court, no application may be made with respect to the person except with leave of the court.

Court may make an order regarding damages

243.(1)

Where a person has been convicted of an offence under this Act and any other person has suffered loss or damage because of the commission of the offence, the court may, at the time sentence is imposed, order the person who has been convicted to pay to the person who has suffered loss or damage or to the trustee of the bankrupt an amount by way of satisfaction or compensation for loss of or damage to property suffered by that person as a result of the commission of the offence.

(2)

Where an amount that is ordered to be paid under subsection (1) is not paid forthwith, the person in favour of whom the order has been made may file the order in court and that order is enforceable against the person who has been convicted in the same manner as if it were a judgment rendered against the person who has been convicted in that court in civil proceedings.

Trustee to report to Court

244.(1)

Whenever a trustee has grounds to believe that

(a)

an offence under this Act or under any other Act of Barbados has been committed with respect to any bankrupt estate in connection with which he has been acting under this Act; or

(b)

that for any special reason an investigation should be had in connection with that estate,

it is the duty of the trustee to

(i)

report the matter to the Court, including in the report a statement of all the facts or circumstances of the case within his knowledge, the names of the witnesses who should in his opinion be examined, and a statement respecting the offence or offences believed to have been committed; and

(ii)

to forward a copy of the report forthwith to the Supervisor.

(2)

A creditor, inspector or other interested person who believes on reasonable grounds that a person is guilty of an offence under this or any other Act of Barbados in connection with a bankrupt, his property or his transactions, may file a report with the Court of the facts on which that belief is based, or he may make such further representations supplementary to the report of the trustee as he may deem proper.

(3)

Whenever the Court is satisfied on the representation of the Supervisor or trustee or of any creditor, inspector or other interested person, that there is ground to believe that any person is guilty of an offence under this or any other Act of Barbados in connection with the bankrupt, his property or transactions, the Court may authorise the trustee to initiate proceedings for the prosecution of that person for that offence.

(4)

Where a trustee is authorised or directed by the creditors, the inspectors or the Court to initiate proceedings against any person believed to have committed an offence, the trustee shall institute the proceedings and shall send or cause to be sent to the Attorney-General a duly certified copy of the resolution or order, together with a copy of all reports or statements of the facts on which the order or resolution was based.

Trustee to report criminal acts

245.(1)

Where the trustee believes on reasonable grounds that an offence under this Act or the Theft Act, Cap. 155 relating to the property of the bankrupt was committed either before or after the date of the initial bankruptcy event by the bankrupt or any other person, the trustee shall make a report to the Attorney-General.

(2)

A copy of a report made under subsection (1) shall be sent by the trustee to the Supervisor.

Substance of offence sufficient

246.

In an information, complaint or indictment for an offence under this Act, it is sufficient to set out the substance of the offence charged in the words of this Act, specifying the offence or as near thereto as circumstances admit, without alleging or setting out any debt, act of bankruptcy, trading, adjudication or any proceedings in, or order, warrant, or document of, any court acting under this Act.

Time for commencement of action

247.

A prosecution by indictment under this Act shall be commenced within 5 years from the time of the commission of the offence and, in the case of an offence punishable on summary conviction, the complaint shall be made or the information laid within 3 years from the time when the subject-matter of the complaint or information arose.

Power respecting bankruptcy rules

248.

For the purpose of carrying into effect the objects of this Act, rules may be made by the same authority and in the same manner as Rules of Court may be made under the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, Cap. 117A and such rules may provide for the regulation of

(a)

sittings of the Court and a judge of the Court in chambers;

(b)

the practice and procedure in Court; and

(c)

any matters relating to the practice and procedure of the Court, the duties of the officers of the Court, and the costs of or fees upon and percentages to be charged for or in respect of proceedings:

Provided that no rules so made shall extend the jurisdiction of the Court.

Gazette or local daily newspaper to be evidence of facts

249.(1)

A copy of the Gazette or local daily newspaper containing any notice inserted in the Gazette or local newspaper in pursuance of this Act shall be evidence of the facts stated in the notice.

(2)

The production of a copy of the Gazette or local newspaper containing any notice of a receiving order, an assignment, a proposal, or a receivership shall be conclusive evidence in all legal proceedings of the order or declaration having been duly made and of its date.

(3)

Copies authenticated by the signature of the Supervisor or trustee of any entries in the books kept by them with respect to any estate vested in or administered by the Supervisor or trustee under this Act shall be admissible in evidence in any legal proceeding or for any other purpose, and shall have the same effect in evidence in all respects as the originals from which copies were made.

(4)

In all legal proceedings, judicial notice shall be taken of the signature of the Supervisor and of the trustee but any court, Judge or magistrate may require such signature to be proved in the ordinary way if it is doubtful to the court, Judge or magistrate whether the alleged signature is genuine.

Admission not admissible under Theft Act

250.

A statement or admission made by any person in any compulsory examination or deposition before the Court on the hearing of any matter in bankruptcy shall not be admissible as evidence against that person in respect of any offence against the Theft Act, Cap. 155.

Acts by corporations, firms, and individuals of unsound mind

251.

For all or any purposes of this Act,

(a)

a corporation may act by any of its officers authorised in that behalf under the seal of the corporation;

(b)

a firm may act by any of its members; and

(c)

an individual of unsound mind may act by his committee.

Vacating of seat in House of Assembly

252.

Where a bankrupt is a member of the House of Assembly and has not, before the date which is 12 months after the date of bankruptcy, obtained from the Court a certificate to the effect that the bankruptcy was caused by misfortune without any misconduct on his part, the trustee shall, immediately after the expiration of the 12-month period, so advise the same to the Speaker and thereupon the seat of the member shall be vacant.

Leave of the Court required to pursue certain actions

253.

Except by leave of the Court, no action lies against the Supervisor, an interim receiver or a trustee with respect to any report made under, or any action taken pursuant to, this Act.

Regulations

254.

The Minister may make regulations

(a)

generally for giving effect to this Act; and

(b)

for prescribing anything that is authorised or required to be prescribed by the Act.

Transitional

255.

With effect from 1st March, 2002

(a)

any winding up which is commenced or treated as having commenced before 1st March, 2002; or

(b)

any case in which a petition in bankruptcy was presented, or a receiving order or adjudication in bankruptcy was made before 1st March, 2002,

shall be subject to the law in force immediately before 1st March, 2002.

Repeal of Cap. 303

256.

[The Bankruptcy Act is repealed.]